Modern Age - Winter 2016 - 45

THE VARIETIES OF BURKE

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Francis Graham Wilson, The Case for Conservatism (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction
Publishers, 1990 [1951]), 5. Hereafter cited as CC.
Willmoore Kendall, Willmoore Kendall Contra Mundum, ed., Nellie D. Kendall (New
Rochelle, NY: Arlington House, 1972), 36-37.
Leo Strauss, Natural Right and History (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1953), 294.
Hereafter cited as NRH.
Richard Weaver, The Ethics of Rhetoric (Chicago: Henry Regnery, 1965), 112. Hereafter
cited as ER.
F. A. Hayek, The Constitution of Liberty (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960),
55. Hereafter cited as CL. Hayek acknowledges Francis Lieber's "Anglican and Gallican
Liberty" written a century earlier as the source of this idea. The English and French
team members are determined by the structure of their thought and not their nationality. The English team includes Scots Ferguson, Smith, Hume, as well as Josiah Tucker,
Burke, and William Paley, and Frenchmen Montesquieu, Benjamin Constant, and Alexis
de Tocqueville. The French team included "the Encyclopedists and Rousseau, the
Physiocrats and Condorcet," as well as Hobbes, Godwin, Priestly, Price, Paine, and Jefferson.
See Strauss, NRH, 314-15, for an account of Burke's politics compatible with Hayek's
understanding of spontaneous order.
Were I to undertake such an explication of Burke, I would begin with his reaction to
Adam Smith's The Theory of Moral Sentiments (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1984). On
September 10, 1759, Burke wrote to Smith praising this work for "its solidity and Truth"
and for being "founded on the Nature of man" (see Correspondence of Adam Smith
[Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1987], 46-47). The same year Burke published a review
of The Theory of Moral Sentiments in the Annual Register, again praising it for being
"founded on truth and nature" (see On Moral Sentiments: Contemporary Responses to
Adam Smith [London: Thoemmes Press, 1997], 51-52). In particular, see Smith's comparison of the "man of public spirit" with "the man of system" in The Theory of Moral
Sentiments, 231-32.
See "The Use of the Past," in Robert Penn Warren, New and Selected Essays (New York:
Random House, 1989), 50-51.
Which Kirk quoted from time to time, including in a later edition of The Conservative
Mind; see Russell Kirk, The Conservative Mind: From Burke to Eliot, 7th rev. ed. (Chicago:
Regnery Books, 1986), 495. For the original, see T. S. Eliot, "Francis Herbert Bradley," in
Selected Essays 1917-1932 (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1932), 363.
"Up from Liberalism," in In Defense of Tradition: Collected Shorter Writings of Richard M.
Weaver, ed., Ted J. Smith III (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2000), 38-39.
See Adam Ferguson, An Essay on the History of Civil Society, ed., Fania Oz-Salzberger
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 119.
Weaver, "Up from Liberalism," 39.

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