Modern Age - Fall 2017 - 31

What the Reformers Thought They Were Doing

After all, as early as the Fourth Lateran Council (1215), traffic in
"indiscriminate and excessive indulgences"-the kind Luther's
parishioners were running to buy-had been condemned by
the church. The Reformation was born in a crisis of pastoral care.
But Luther's act was a spark that ignited a conflagration. One
confrontation led to another, and soon Europe was ablaze with
edicts, bans, bulls, anathemas, and condemnations. The NinetyFive Theses were translated, published, and soon were circulating
from the Atlantic to the Baltic, from Lisbon to Lithuania.
In this anniversary year, the Reformation is once again being
remembered, renounced, regretted, celebrated, commemorated, and analyzed from many perspectives. A new emphasis on
"reforming from below" aims to give voice to groups that have
been marginalized in much of Reformation historiography until
now-women, peasants, dissenters, Jews, and others. There is
much to learn from political, social, economic, intellectual, and
cultural tellings of the Reformation story. In pursuing such lines of
inquiry, however, it is possible to lose sight of what the Reformers
themselves actually thought they were about. What made them
tick? How did they understand the movement of which they were
a part? The time is long past when one could speak confidently of
presenting any slice of the past-much less such a controverted
epoch as the Reformation-"just as it really happened" (wie es
eigentlich gewesen), to cite Leopold von Ranke's summary of the
historian's craft.
In recent years, it has become fashionable for historians of the
Reformation to use the word in the plural, Reformations. The
point is clear: there were many diverse streams of renewal and
spiritual innovation in the sixteenth century, and these resulted
in various and competing patterns of reformation, including
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Modern Age - Fall 2017

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Modern Age - Fall 2017

Contents
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