Modern Age - Fall 2017 - 35

What the Reformers Thought They Were Doing

Christ" ended up more divided at its close than when it began,
does not count against the unitive impulses that were present
in the Reformation from 1517 on. In an essay published in 1933,
Friedrich Heiler declared:
It was not Luther's idea to set over against the ancient Catholic
church a new Protestant creation: he desired nothing more than
that the old church should experience an evangelical awakening and renewal, and that the gospel of the sovereign Grace of
God should take its place at the centre of Christian preaching and
piety. Luther and his friends wished, as they were never tired of
emphasizing, to be and to remain Catholic.

2. "Luther was the first modern man." In 1971, the 450th anniversary of Luther's famous "Here I Stand" speech at the Diet of
Worms, Reformation scholars from around the world gathered in
St. Louis at the Fourth International Congress for Luther Research.
The theme of the Congress was "Luther and the Dawn of the Modern Era," and the keynote speaker was Gerhard Ebeling, a leading Luther scholar and former student of Rudolf Bultmann. He
reminded his listeners of Hegel's depiction of the Reformation as
"the all-illuminating sun, which follows that day-break at the end
of the Middle Ages." Hegel attempted to integrate Luther into the
history of thought by portraying him as the first great exponent
of individual conscience and human freedom. In other words,
Luther was a precursor of the Enlightenment. He stood against the
authoritarian darkness and superstition of the Middle Ages and so
helped his fellow Europeans break through to civilizational maturity. This view of the Reformation was intrinsic to what Herbert
Butterfield would later dub the "Whig interpretation of history."
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Modern Age - Fall 2017

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