Modern Age - Summer 2017 - 140

Modern Age

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Summer 2017

foundations, bureaucrats, and experts. And finally, it is not even
so radical, but deeply bourgeois. According to Alexis de Tocqueville in Democracy in America, we middle-class democrats are
convinced, not without reason, of our superiority to all those who
came before when it comes to justice and technology. We think
that all science (all forms of knowing) are technological; we don't
see nature except as a resource to be exploited. And we're even
convinced we know what justice is. It is an egalitarian transformational project that complements the technological one.
Tocqueville didn't object to the fact that most education in a
middle-class democracy is techno-vocational. And he agreed that
democratic justice rightly displaced the aristocratic privileging
of the greatness of the few. He saw the truth of the democratic
claim that all human beings have interests, and nobody is above
or below working to sustain himself or his own. It's just that we're
all beings with interests and more, and there's a lot more to education than technology and justice. Higher education properly
understood is all about aiming higher than being middle class,
about having a high enough opinion of ourselves to search for
the truth about love, birth, death, citizenship, friendship, sublime
beauty, our place in the cosmos, and God.
The point of higher education is countercultural; it's the counterweight, as Hitz shows us, to our techno-restlessness and
dogmatic activism. It's also the counterweight to the somewhat
thoughtless uniformity of middle-class thought; Tocqueville was
astonished to see so little real difference of opinion in America
and almost no tolerance at all for real intellectual dissent. Higher
education is, finally, a source of the virtues we need, such as magnanimity, generosity, charity, and love of theory for its own sake,
that can't be reduced to productivity or justice. The point of the
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Modern Age - Summer 2017

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Modern Age - Summer 2017

Contents
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