Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 103

A EUROPE LOST

ties at the same time Muslims are protected and encouraged to
pursue their own values.
Any commitment to democracy, on the other hand, remains a
pipe dream as long as the EU itself suffers from a persistent "democratic deficit" that is alienating its peoples. There is no real EU
"government," since there is no European polity, just a collection
of nations failing to create a multinational regime. A 2014 Pew
Research Center poll of more than seven thousand EU residents
found that only 30-36 percent approved of the European Parliament, European Commission, or European Central Bank. Seventyone percent "think their voices do not count in the EU." Worse,
critics of the EU are found on both the left and the right, which
implies that possible solutions to the EU's defects that might
please some may anger others.
Political communities much stronger than the EU have vanished in the past, which is the relevant lesson of the Wilson and
Judson histories. The most recent of them, Austria-Hungary, was
eerily similar to the EU-except that its peoples enjoyed stronger
dynastic, religious, parliamentary, and even ethnic-nationalist
loyalties that bound them together as one.
Viennese culture in its final decades was advanced, modern, and
experimental. It enjoyed lively theaters, vigorous newspapers,
and exquisite museums, and its intellectuals debated Marxism,
psychoanalysis, and the avant-garde in art as well, all of which
confirmed a rising liberal faith in science, reason, and progress,
much like today. Austria-Hungary was also more prosperous than
ever in its last decades, in part because, like the EU, it enjoyed
the largest free-trade area in Europe outside Russia, as well as a
currency union, like the euro zone. This monetary union operated for almost fifty years without serious disruption, according
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Modern Age - Winter 2017

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Contents
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