Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 143

REVIEWS

easily stall or reverse betterment. Quoting Robert Higgs, she
asserts that government is " 'a monopoly operating ultimately by
threat or actual use of violence, making rules for and extracting
tribute from the residents of the territory it controls' " (144). As if
government were not enough of a threat, there is the tendency
of those within developed societies to underrate and repudiate
the great abundance they have been granted. The fact that fully
one third of younger Americans ascribe to some version of socialism is evidence of such complacency. As McCloskey puts it, "Not
everyone accepted the Bourgeois Deal, even in the United States.
There's the rub, and the worry: it's not complete, and it can be
undermined by hostile attitudes and clumsy regulations" (641).
It should be stressed that economic development does not
constitute the whole of human existence. Few of us, even among
the progressive clerisy, would actually wish to return to the preindustrial age in which the mass of humanity lived in destitution
and squalor, but economic improvement alone cannot supply a
meaningful existence. As McCloskey writes, "The virtues other
than prudence-courage, love, justice, temperance, faith, and
hope-are virtues, and not merely another way of getting prudent
pleasure. They cannot be stuck into a utility function. . . . They are
themselves separate, nonfungible virtues in a flourishing human
life-a human life, not the life of a maximizing rat" (187-88). As
Pope John Paul II stated in his 2005 book, Memory and Identity,
material advancement has been attended by "anti-evangelical
currents . . . with their assaults on family and life" and ever greater
demands for the freedom of "divorce, free love, abortion, contraception, and the fight against life " (48). Many of the choices that
are advertised as among the privileges of life may not be privileges
at all but seductive snares into which a majority in the West have
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Modern Age - Winter 2017

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Modern Age - Winter 2017

Contents
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Modern Age - Winter 2017 - Contents
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