Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 144

MODERN AGE

WINTER 2017

fallen. And as John Paul II implies, these snares have been laid by
powerful forces of the state and its allies for the purpose of gaining control over the lives of individuals. That, of course, is the very
meaning of "totalitarianism."
To her credit, McCloskey is entirely cognizant of the limitations
of economic development and the dangers to which affluence
can expose society. Bourgeois Equality wisely views material
betterment as a necessary but not sufficient cause of human
happiness. As she emphasizes, "Contrary to the prudence-only
model, we have always known . . . that intrinsic virtues beyond
prudence-love, justice, temperance, and the rest-are parts of
what motivate adults" (352). These virtues and the broader life
of the spirit transcend the realm of economic good, but this fact
does not detract from the importance of the extension of material
well-being to the masses of ordinary people. Religious faith and
ethical virtue have always been and will continue to be the measure of our humanity, but this does not suggest that the rescue of
billions of human beings from poverty is of minor import. In the
absence of faith and virtue, human society is rendered savage
and anarchic, but absent a sufficiency of bread, life is wretched
and agonizing.
All in all, Bourgeois Equality is a large and compelling work
teeming with insights that often challenge conventional wisdom.
Its subjects are far too numerous to list in a brief review, but they
include a fine reading of Adam Smith's Theory of Moral Sentiments,
an account of the economic rhetoric of Jane Austen and of other
literary authors, a broad refutation of the Samuelsonian school
of economics, and an appreciation of the works of Joel Mokyr,
Charles Taylor, and dozens of other contemporary scholars. In the
course of her wide-ranging discussion, the author builds a strong
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Modern Age - Winter 2017

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Modern Age - Winter 2017

Contents
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