Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 24

MODERN AGE

WINTER 2017

worldwide grand strategy, which, although improvised to some
extent, was based in large part on the idea that money, not arms,
must be "the primary tool for promoting geopolitical stability."34
The USSR, with its massive Red Army, had the lead in conventional military terms. Even though U.S. planners did not expect
that Moscow, still suffering from the last war and lacking strong
naval and air forces, would start a war, in late 1947 CIA analysts
determined that the Soviet Union would attempt to "build up its
war potential and . . . extend its influence and control by political,
economic, and psychological methods."35
And on that playing field-political, economic, psychological-the ERP could prudently compete: that is, by way of what
Gaddis terms an "asymmetrical response," applying U.S. strength
to the adversary's weakness in the most effective manner. At the
end of World War II, the U.S. economy was three times larger than
the second-largest economy, the Soviet Union's. Thus, economic
resources and financial restructuring were weapons that-if used
well-would ably serve the cause in this stage of the conflict.36

A

n objective of the Marshall Plan was to integrate the economies of the participating countries in order to produce more
wealth for all and thereby make it much less likely that future
intra-European wars would occur: the kinds of wars that in 1917
and 1941 had drawn in the United States. Wars were less likely to
break out if Europeans depended on one another economically
and settled their disagreements at the bargaining table.37
On February 25, 1948, while Marshall was on his speaking tour
on behalf of the ERP, Czechoslovakia's non-Communist government was replaced by a Soviet-controlled dictatorship. More
shocking still was the news received on March 10: the pro-West24 				moder nagejour nal .com



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Modern Age - Winter 2017

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Modern Age - Winter 2017

Contents
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - Cover1
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Modern Age - Winter 2017 - Contents
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