Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 25

THE MARSHALL PLAN

ern Czech foreign minister Jan Masaryk was found dead on the
sidewalk three stories below his office. The Communists called
it a suicide; many assumed otherwise. Highly regarded in the
United States, Masaryk was a staunch non-Communist and the
son of the founder of the Czech Republic. His death heightened
awareness of disruptions that could thwart European recovery
and democracy.
The Senate passed the ERP bill on March 14, 1948, by a vote of
69 to 17, authorizing $5.3 billion for the first year of the four-year
program for European recovery. The authorization bill passed the
House on April 2, by a vote of 318 to 75, and the next day the
president signed it into law. Just eleven days later, the freighter
John H. Quick left Galveston, Texas, with nine thousand long tons
of grain headed for Europe.38 The ERP completed its work on
December 31, 1951, having distributed close to $13 billion (about
$130 billion today).
The ERP played a role-how large a role is still debated-in
reducing national barriers to trade and investment, in fostering regional economic integration, in easing the transition from
wartime controls to free-market mechanisms, in slowing inflation
and thus enhancing financial stability, in modernizing European
accounting systems, and in advancing the recovery that took hold
in the late 1940s and 1950s. Participating nations were able to
mitigate class conflict and labor strife, increase productivity, and
surmount their balance-of-payments problems. Living standards
were on the rise.39
By the late 1940s, however, the Marshall Plan was proving insufficient. The problem, writes Hal Brands, "was that the success of
the plan hinged on the Europeans' willingness to take bold and
potentially dangerous steps, and that willingness hinged on a
				moder nagejour nal .com 	

25



http://www.modernagejournal.com

Modern Age - Winter 2017

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Modern Age - Winter 2017

Contents
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - Cover1
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - Cover2
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - Contents
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 2
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 3
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 4
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 5
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 6
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 7
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 8
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 9
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 10
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 11
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 12
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 13
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 14
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 15
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 16
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 17
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 18
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 19
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 20
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 21
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 22
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 23
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 24
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 25
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 26
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 27
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 28
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 29
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 30
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 31
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 32
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 33
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 34
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 35
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 36
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 37
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 38
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 39
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 40
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 41
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 42
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 43
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 44
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 45
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 46
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 47
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 48
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 49
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 50
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 51
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 52
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 53
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 54
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 55
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 56
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 57
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 58
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 59
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 60
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 61
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 62
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 63
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 64
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 65
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 66
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 67
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 68
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 69
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 70
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 71
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 72
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 73
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 74
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 75
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 76
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 77
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 78
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 79
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 80
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 81
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 82
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 83
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 84
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 85
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 86
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 87
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 88
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 89
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 90
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 91
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 92
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 93
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 94
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 95
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 96
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 97
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 98
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 99
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 100
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 101
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 102
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 103
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 104
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 105
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 106
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 107
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 108
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 109
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 110
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 111
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 112
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 113
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 114
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 115
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 116
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 117
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 118
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 119
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 120
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 121
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 122
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 123
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 124
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 125
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 126
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 127
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 128
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 129
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 130
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 131
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 132
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 133
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 134
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 135
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 136
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 137
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 138
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 139
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 140
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 141
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 142
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 143
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 144
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 145
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 146
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 147
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 148
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 149
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 150
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 151
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 152
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - Cover3
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/isi/modernage_2018winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/isi/modernage_2017fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/isi/modernage_2017summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/isi/modernage_2017spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/isi/modernage_2017winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/isi/modernage_2016fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/isi/modernage_2016summer
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/isi/modernage_2016spring
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/isi/modernage_2016winter
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/isi/modernage_2015fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/isi/modernage_2014fall
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/isi/modernage_2014summer
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com