Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 44

MODERN AGE

WINTER 2017

of the Church, as in England, so that there is no possibility of conflict. The Protestant Reformation lent itself to the creation of such
national churches. The Church, under these conditions, has no
autonomy. Most Enlightenment philosophers did recognize the
need for religion as a support for the social bond, but Christianity
was to be replaced by a new natural religion that would be purely
instrumental, serving the interests of the political realm. So, for
example, Rousseau's civil religion has no doctrines except toleration and sociability. It is designed to support the "general will,"
not to create a community of worship of a transcendent God. For
the Enlightenment, religious sentiment and belief must remain
hidden in one's heart. With Kant, Christianity becomes a private
matter never to appear in public life. Kant's Religion within the
Limits of Reason Alone, with its elimination of every trace of traditional Christianity, offers no possibility of real community.
Pascal shows us that a civil religion cannot be a real bond among
men because the sacred cannot be a human invention and the
natural divisions among men cannot be overcome by a mere
idea of the brotherhood of man. If sacred tradition were merely
a human invention, it could have no authority and no power to
unite, to bind men to each other, beyond any other human convention. To bind men, it must be higher than any human convention or agreement.
The civil religion cannot replace the tradition that permeates
everyday life with the sacred. Sacred tradition is not an idea or a
system of ideas, but a fundamental orientation of the whole person, his beliefs, sensibilities, and sympathies. "Real unity among
human beings has its roots in nothing else but the common possession of [sacred] tradition."19 Tradition implies community, not
just the union of those now living but those who have lived in the
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Modern Age - Winter 2017

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Modern Age - Winter 2017

Contents
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - Cover1
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - Cover2
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - Contents
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 2
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