Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 46

MODERN AGE

WINTER 2017

be confused with the political union that is merely an enforced
peace.
Pascal draws a sharp contrast between the political and religious
spheres: while the political is necessarily the realm of injustice
and force, the Church is the realm where "genuine justice exists
without violence" (85 [878]). He holds this view in spite of the fact
that he himself suffered greatly from conflict within the Church.
Pascal was embroiled in the controversy between the Jansenists
and the Jesuits. In fact, his highly polemical Provincial Letters is
unsparing in its criticisms of some of the policies of the Church
of his day. Nevertheless, he holds fast to the essential core of the
meaning of the Church. The Church is the social bond because it
is the locus of tradition, the tradition that is, as he says, the source
of truth.
Pascal, then, is unique among modern political philosophers.
He accepts the separation of Church and State, allowing the political realm its own legitimacy and authority, and he recognizes the
necessary tension between Church and State. Indeed, the Church
came into existence and continues to exist against the opposition of human power. Jesus Christ came to make all men into one
holy Church: "He has come to bring into this Church heathen and
Jews. . . .  All men range themselves in opposition to this . . . above
all the kings of the earth unite to abolish this religion at birth. . . . All
the great ones on earth unite, scholars, sages, kings. They write,
they condemn, they slay. And, despite opposition from all these
quarters, these simple, powerless people resist all these powers
and bring to their knees even the kings, scholars, sages, and sweep
idolatry from the face of the earth" (433 [783]). Most tellingly, Jesus
Christ wanted to be put to death at the hands of the legitimate
power of Rome: "Jesus did not want to be killed without the forms
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Modern Age - Winter 2017

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Contents
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - Cover1
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Modern Age - Winter 2017 - Contents
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