Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 96

MODERN AGE

WINTER 2017

may have also provided the spark for two innovations of the
empire: printing and a regular postal network, both of which
linked disparate lands. Literate residents enjoyed daily newspapers long before the French or English; censorship would prove
difficult. "For most of the empire's history," Wilson notes, "its most
dynamic economic regions were those of the greatest political
fragmentation."
Halfway through Wilson's epic history-which includes 35
illustrations, 16 tables, 22 maps, 7 family trees, and a 55-page
chronology-the author introduces Count Rudolf I, the first
Habsburg to be elected Holy Roman emperor. Rudolf used his
election in 1273 to secure the old duchy of Austria for his family,
whose holdings continued to expand from this new base. Through
alliances and strategic marriages, the Habsburgs amassed the
largest heredity realm inside the empire but also acquired a separate dynastic realm outside the empire, as large as the empire. This
gave them a freer hand, and the wealth required to rule the older
empire. By 1700, Prussia's Hohenzollern dynasty, the only other
German dynasty ruling sovereign lands outside the empire, was a
growing threat, and their rivalry began to eclipse the empire, now
increasingly squeezed between the Prussians and the Austrians.
By the 1740s, the two powers had come to blows.
This is where Judson's history picks up the story of the Habsburg
dynasty, with the reigns of two successive Habsburg reformers,
Empress Maria Theresa and her son, Joseph II. Judson does not
pretend to offer a comprehensive history of the Habsburg realm
and instead focuses on its last 170-odd years, which the author
believes left a lasting legacy.
When not feuding or fighting one another, both Austria and
Prussia led late eighteenth-century reform efforts that expanded
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Modern Age - Winter 2017

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Contents
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - Cover1
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Modern Age - Winter 2017 - Contents
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