Modern Age - Winter 2017 - 97

A EUROPE LOST

the traditional definition of the "common good" to include happiness, and, Wilson says, "happiness was now defined by material
welfare and physical well-being, rather than in moral-religious
terms." Sacred church properties were converted into schools
and hospitals, and over time cash and contracts replaced the
status-and-privileges economy. The modern world dawned in
Central Europe through the growing power of the empire's Prussian and Austrian regimes, which tended to make the empire
itself look weak and antiquated. The empire's formal demise, Wilson says, "coincided with the emergence of modern nationalism,"
and revolutionary and Napoleonic France indeed lit the fires of
European nationalism, which sooner found a home in Protestant
Prussia than in Catholic Austria-Hungary.
Yet Wilson makes the point that "the Empire fractured incrementally under relentless French battering." Judson's history confirms that the Habsburgs had perhaps fifty years to drag their own
realm into the modern age before the wars with France began.
With Prussia holding his jacket, Napoleon in 1805 conquered
Vienna, home of the last Holy Roman emperor, Francis II, who dissolved the empire in 1806 and ruled Austria-Hungary as Francis I.
The locus of multinational rule shifted to the Habsburgs, whose
realm by 1914 occupied present-day Austria, Hungary, Czech and
Slovak republics, Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, northern
Italy, southern Poland, and western Ukraine and Romania. AustriaHungary entered the Great War as a great power, the secondlargest in land and the third-most populated.

J

udson has gone to a lot of trouble to make a strong case for
the Habsburgs but fails to persuade that this particular dynasty
brought a greater good to Europe than other regimes or left a
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Modern Age - Winter 2017

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Modern Age - Winter 2017

Contents
Modern Age - Winter 2017 - Cover1
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Modern Age - Winter 2017 - Contents
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