Modern Age - Winter 2018 - 109

Autonomy on the Road to Tyranny

prestige to the workings of government. With the colonists, law
was something shaped by representatives of small communities,
both in assemblies and in common-law suits. Law was not centralized and detached from the people, but rather a living tradition of liberty and order.
Contained in this speech are the elements that compose our
greatness, for the limited government of our constitutionalism,
the calibrated suspicion of power, and the still pulsating energies of our religious faiths permit our decentralized excellence to
manifest itself. But how have they fared?
The sensible thing liberty now inheres in, we are told, is the
technique of administration, which is to say we have a liberty that
is created and perfected by a remote class of specialists. The technique of administration is part and parcel of what Edward Shils
underscored in his neglected book Tradition about the nature of
modern order. It defines itself by a "titanic and deliberate effort
to undo by technology, rationality, and government the givenness of what came down from the past." Government officials,
scientists, technologists, and psychologists seek to "annul the
influence" of what has been inherited.
But they have a problem. Shils remarked that a society "exists
only through time," ensuring that cutting away the past "is as
disordering to the individual and to the society as being cut off
in the present." "The innovators" forget this temporal dimension
of order, as do their cousins who would make gender, race, or
class the essence of a society. A similar mistake is made by those
who argue that "wholly emancipated individuals" should be the
direct concern of society, with the "fulfillment" of "individuality"
the end to which government should be aimed. Shils does not
dismiss calls for new rights to be afforded minorities or to make
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Modern Age - Winter 2018

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