Modern Age - Winter 2018 - 26

Modern Age

*

Winter 2018

The Constitution created a federal government with limited
and enumerated powers, but it did not diminish the power of the
states. Indeed, Article IV, section 4 of the Constitution guarantees
"to every state in this union a republican form of government." The
Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution expressly to assuage
fears that the federal government would have too much power
over the states.
The framers did not disdain self-government; they insisted on
it. They feared the power of "faction" but mitigated the dangers
of democracy by diffusing it, not eliminating it. The framers were
not opposed to popular government; they regarded accountability to the voters as essential to the maintenance of freedom
and the avoidance of tyranny. The "consent of the governed"
was a familiar theme in The Federalist Papers. Madison talks
about the importance of "republican principles" in Federalist No.
39: no other form of government, he stated, "would be reconcilable with the genius of the people of America; [or] with the
fundamental principles of the Revolution." What did the framers
believe to be the "distinctive characters of the republican form"?
In Federalist No. 39, Madison cites several "essential" features:
the government must derive "all its powers directly or indirectly
from the great body of the people"; and government officials
must be accountable to the voters by holding their offices "for a
limited period."
The framers were not libertarians; they were realists about
human nature and deeply distrustful of it. What they feared most
was the concentration of power in a single government official
or branch of government. In Federalist No. 51, Madison explained
the importance of, and rationale for, the republican form of
government:
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Modern Age - Winter 2018

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Contents
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