Modern Age - Winter 2018 - 60

Modern Age

*

Winter 2018

What happens in a modern world without the constraints of
either taboo or revealed religion? The only alternative is private
or state coercion. Western freedom separated Caesar from church
and society to create a principle that restrained state coercion,
fostering the eventual development in the New World of balanced institutions with the possibility of individual freedom under
law. Girard directly confronts Voegelin's philosophical rival, Leo
Strauss, for ranking Athenian rationalism over Jerusalem's revelation in the development of the Western tradition and civilization.
The philosophers were important, but their writings had no bite
until Christianity. As John Locke put it in The Reasonableness of
Christianity, "the philosophers showed the beauty of virtue" but
"left her unendowed" so that "few were willing to espouse her"
until "the immortal weight of glory" that was the Incarnation
made free virtue manifest and created a civilization.
Machiavelli, Rousseau, and Nietzsche were not reluctant to
place the Incarnation at the center of the Western tradition, so as
to condemn how its new freedom had destroyed ancient order
and a supposedly more realistic morality. Meyer and Voegelin,
on the other hand, stressed the new order's revolutionary "flash
of eternity into time" as a dramatic improvement. Unless their
followers today emphasize its continuing importance, however,
they will not remain relevant in a world where elites now universally condemn the scapegoating of innocent victims. The heirs
of Machiavelli, Rousseau, and Nietzsche invoke the language of
the new persuasion but appropriate its innocent-victim status to
themselves, even as they follow the old morality in manipulating
power for their own interests-which certainly do not include
the safeguarding of free means or free ends.

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Modern Age - Winter 2018

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