Modern Age - Winter 2018 - 92

Modern Age

*

Winter 2018

up the constellation as follows: "In a word, its resources are within,
while its sources are without."
Brague's initial method thus parallels that of historical agents.
Two towering figures can provide what Charles Péguy called "cas
éminents," paradigmatic cases. The first is Charlemagne, often
designated as "the father of Europe." He conceived of Europe as
a "project" and embodied its essential cultural traits: "the fundamental attitude that made European cultural history possible
was very much that of Charlemagne," Brague writes in La voie
romaine. The other is the thirteenth-century Franciscan polymath Roger Bacon. Brague quotes in Latin Bacon's plea to Pope
Clement IV to establish schools throughout Christendom for the
study of "alien" or foreign languages-that is, Hebrew and Greek,
the original languages of the Bible and of philosophy: sapientia
latinorum tracta est ex alienis linguis; nam totus textus sacer et tota
philosophia descenderunt a linguis extraneis. The polyglot Brague
provides a translation-which, rendered in English, becomes
"The wisdom of the Latins was drawn from foreign languages;
in fact all the sacred text and all of philosophy have come down
from outside languages."
Then Brague draws the main lesson: "This wisdom isn't Latin, or
European, but foreign. It is remarkable that Bacon expressed both
the externality of the sources of European culture and the fact that
they are irreducibly two."
We are thus led to the next level of Brague's analysis of European culture: its "externality" and its double "secondarity." That
it is a deeper level is indicated by the important term "sources"
in the passage above: in it one can hear the Greek philosophical term arché and its Latin equivalent principium. Both mean
"source," beginning or origin, but one that continues to govern
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Modern Age - Winter 2018

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Contents
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