IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 110

electronic power systems," IEEE Trans.
Transp. Electrific., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 507-
521, Dec. 2016.
60 m
10 m
9
A. Vicenzutti et al., "Early-stage
70 m
20 m
8
design of shipboard integrated power
80 m
30 m
systems: CSI-based multiple solu90 m
40 m
7
tions comparison," in Proc. 2017 IEEE
100 m
50 m
6
Electric Ship Technologies Symp. (ESTS),
pp. 478-485.
5
D. Bosich, A. Vicenzutti, R. Pelaschi4
ar, R. Menis, and G. Sulligoi, "Toward the
future: The MVDC large ship research
3
program," in Proc. 2015 AEIT Int. Annu.
2
Conf. (AEIT), Naples, Italy, pp. 1-6.
1
D. Bosich et al., "Early-stage design
of integrated power and energy
0
systems for naval vessels electrifica104
105
106
107
108
tion: Advanced modeling using CSI," in
Frequency (Hz)
Proc. 2017 IEEE Transportation ElectrificaFigure 20. The A-value frequency-dependent magnitude trend for different cable lengths.
tion Conf. and Expo (ITEC), pp. 387-392.
A. Colavitto et al., "Naval smart
grid research program: Phase 2," in
magnitude trend has been evaluated for different cable
Proc. 2018 IEEE Int. Conf. Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship
lengths ranging from 10 to 100 m in the Case B scenario,
Propulsion and Road Vehicles & Int. Transportation Electrification
(ESARS-ITEC). doi: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC.2018.8607638.
as illustrated in Figure 20. Furthermore, the cable elecA. Colavitto, A. Vicenzutti, D. Bosich, and G. Sulligoi, "Modtrical properties and geometry are the same previously
eling of power cables in shipboard IPES for assessing high frereported in Table 2. This simulation has been carried out
quency disturbances propagation," presented at 2019 IEEE
to prove the great impact of cable length on the cable
Electric Ship Technologies Symp. (ESTS), Washington, D.C.,
parameters variation. When the cable length increases,
Aug. 14-16, 2019.
IEEE Recommended Practice for 1 kV to 35 kV Medium-Voltage
the amplitude of the A-value frequency-dependent
DC
Power Systems on Ships, IEEE Standard 1709-2010, Nov. 2010.
magnitude rapidly rises for lower frequencies. However,
IEEE Recommended Practice and Requirements for Harmonic
V
/
V
the A-value is the 1 2 ratio in a no-load scenario
Control in Electric Power Systems, IEEE Standard 519-2014, Revi( I 2 = 0), and it means that A-values close to zero lead to
sion of IEEE Standard 519-1992, Jun. 2014.
over voltages for the same input voltage V1 . In particuAmerican Bureau of Shipping, "Direct current (DC) power
distribution systems for marine and offshore applications,"
lar, a dangerous A-value magnitude can be reached by
Houston, TX, July 2018. [Online]. Available: https://ww2.eagle
the 50-100 m cables in a range from 10 5 to 10 6 Hz.
.org/content/dam/eagle/rules-and-guides/current/other/
These frequencies can be produced by power electron293-guide-direct-current-power-distribution-systems-2018/
ics devices as stated in the section "Shipboard Power
DC_Power_Guide_e-July18.pdf
System Design."
Lloyd's Register, "Rules for direct current distribution systems," London, July 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www
In conclusion, the power electronics converters
.lr.org/en-us/rules-for-direct-current-distribution-system/
increase power and number and thus lead to the injecDet Norske Veritas, "Rules for Classification: Ships: Part 4:
tion of higher disturbances in a modern IPES. Moreover,
Systems and components, Chapter 8, Electrical installations,"
the power distribution cables may have resonance freOslo, Norway, July 2019. [Online]. Available: http://rules.dnvgl
quencies that can be matched by high-frequency distur.com/docs/pdf/DNVGL/RU-SHIP/2019-07/DNVGL-RU-SHIPPt4Ch8.pdf
bances. Thus, specific system weaknesses can be identified
Amplitude (p.u.)

10

through the development of a reliable modeling approach
exploiting both frequency-dependent mathematical
models and CSI software capabilities. The cable path and
lengths must be accurately known to correctly assess the
impact of high-frequency disturbance propagation in the
IPES. In addition, the CSI approach permits accurate evaluation of the IPES parameters in early stage design, where
any changes to the IPES layout do not lead to a considerable cost increase.

For Further Reading
G. Sulligoi, A. Vicenzutti, and R. Menis, "All-electric ship
design: From electrical propulsion to integrated electrical and

110

I E E E E l e c t r i f i cati o n M agaz ine / DECEMBER 2019

Biographies
Andrea Colavitto (andrea.colavitto@phd.units.it) is with
the Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Italy.
Andrea Vicenzutti (avicenzutti@units.it) is with the
Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of
Trieste, Italy.
Daniele Bosich (dbosich@units.it) is with the Department
of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Italy.
Giorgio Sulligoi (gsulligoi@units.it) is with the Department
of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Italy.

https://ww2.eagle.org/content/dam/eagle/rules-and-guides/current/other/293-guide-direct-current-power-distribution-systems-2018/DC_Power_Guide_e-July18.pdf https://ww2.eagle.org/content/dam/eagle/rules-and-guides/current/other/293-guide-direct-current-power-distribution-systems-2018/DC_Power_Guide_e-July18.pdf https://ww2.eagle.org/content/dam/eagle/rules-and-guides/current/other/293-guide-direct-current-power-distribution-systems-2018/DC_Power_Guide_e-July18.pdf https://ww2.eagle.org/content/dam/eagle/rules-and-guides/current/other/293-guide-direct-current-power-distribution-systems-2018/DC_Power_Guide_e-July18.pdf http://www.lr.org/en-us/rules-for-direct-current-distribution-system/ http://www.lr.org/en-us/rules-for-direct-current-distribution-system/ https://rules.dnvgl.com/docs/pdf/dnvgl/ru-ship/2017-01/DNVGL-RU-SHIP-Pt4Ch8.pdf https://rules.dnvgl.com/docs/pdf/dnvgl/ru-ship/2017-01/DNVGL-RU-SHIP-Pt4Ch8.pdf https://rules.dnvgl.com/docs/pdf/dnvgl/ru-ship/2017-01/DNVGL-RU-SHIP-Pt4Ch8.pdf

IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019

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