IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 42
devices. If a fault occurs, the PMS prevents a blackout. A
battery management system (BMS) works in parallel with
the PMS. The inappropriate operation of batteries, i.e.,
overcurrent, overvoltage, and overcharging/discharging,
accelerate the aging process and can result in an unsafe
environment, including risk of fire and explosion. The
BMS is necessary to ensure the safe and reliable operation
of batteries. The real-time control execution is at the lowest level, where the power sources and energy-storage
devices are controlled individually according to the references provided by the PMS and BMS.
Figure 8 shows the control and communication architecture for an autonomous ship. The autonomous control
system presented is implemented in onboard computers.
These computers can communicate with a remote control
center located onshore through satellite and radio
communication. Satellite communication is suitable for
ships with a long sailing range. Radio communication is
sufficient for ships with a short sailing range, such as passenger ships in urban areas. Furthermore, cloud technologies for storage and computing can be used for data
management and computational purpose. However, this
may involve additional cybersecurity issues.
Figure 9 depicts different operation modes for autonomous ships. Autonomous ships can be operated in several
modes: semiautomatic operation with crew on board, semiautomatic operation from a remote control center located
onshore, semiautonomous operation, and fully autonomous operation. Here, automatic operation mainly refers to
having real-time feedback control systems that typically
are commanded by human operators, whereas in autonomous operation, the commands are also produced by
Satellite
Remote Control
Center
Cloud
Radio Tower
Mission Layer
Vessel Mission Management System
Online Optimization
Layer
EEMS
Real-Time Control
Execution Layer
BMS
PMS
Diesel Engine
Control
Fuel Cell
Control
Battery
Control
Monitoring
Diesel Engine
Propeller
Fuel Cell
Battery
Autonomous Ship
Figure 8. An illustration depicting the control and communication architecture for the autonomous ship.
42
I E E E E l e c t r i f i cati o n M agaz ine / DECEMBER 2019
Command
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019
Contents
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - Cover1
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - Cover2
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - Contents
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 2
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 3
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 4
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 5
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 6
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 7
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 8
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 9
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 10
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 11
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 12
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 13
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 14
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 15
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 16
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 17
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 18
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 19
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 20
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 21
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 22
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 23
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 24
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 25
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 26
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 27
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 28
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 29
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 30
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 31
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 32
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 33
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 34
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 35
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 36
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 37
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 38
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 39
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 40
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 41
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 42
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 43
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 44
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 45
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 46
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 47
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 48
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 49
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 50
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 51
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 52
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 53
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 54
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 55
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 56
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 57
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 58
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 59
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 60
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 61
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 62
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 63
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 64
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 65
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 66
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 67
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 68
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 69
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 70
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 71
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 72
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 73
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 74
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 75
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 76
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 77
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 78
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 79
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 80
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 81
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 82
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 83
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 84
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 85
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 86
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 87
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 88
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 89
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 90
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 91
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 92
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 93
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 94
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 95
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 96
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 97
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 98
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 99
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 100
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 101
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 102
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 103
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 104
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 105
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 106
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 107
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 108
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 109
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 110
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 111
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 112
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 113
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 114
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 115
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 116
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - Cover3
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2013
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com