IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 30

100
Power (kW)

80
60
40
20
0
-20

0

4

8

12

16

20

-40

24

28

32

36

40

44

Time (h)
Design Load

Grid

Battery

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
48 20%
10%
0%

Battery State of Charge (SoC)

Tesla Fully Charged Before Daily
Demand
Response
Window

120

SoC

120

100%

100

90%
80%

Power (kW)

80

70%

60

60%

40

50%

20

40%
30%

0
-20

0

2

4

6

8

10

-40

12

14

16

18

20

Grid

24 20%
10%

Batteries Used for Demand
Response for Short Period
After Sunset

0%

Time (h)
Design Load

22

Battery State of Charge (SoC)

Figure 20. The battery state of charge (SoC), 48 h.

Battery

Solar

SoC

Crown Hall Nanogrid Controller

Crown Hall Devices
PV Array

Battery

Load

Optimize
Power Exchange

IIT Microgrid Controller

Configure
Device Settings

Monitor
Operating State

Request
Power Exchange

Figure 21. The battery state of charge, with the PV system.

Figure 22. The energy management system at the Crown Hall
nanogrid.

30

I E E E E l e c t r i f i cati o n M agaz ine / DECEMBER 2020

building power is interrupted due to unforeseen events,
such as a building fire, the PV microinverter instantly stops
producing and exporting power. This is a critical safety feature to protect the safety of utility workers who might be
fixing the outage outside of the nanogrid. Unlike the Tesla
BDC, which is a voltage source converter, the conventional
PV inverter is a current source converter that cannot create
its own voltage waveform and must sync to the grid voltage. When the grid fails, a conventional PV inverter instantly stops producing potentially deadly voltage and exporting
power on its ac side. However, the dc side can still be energized whenever the sun is shining. These energized dc conductors, which may run in conduit from the basement to
the roof, might be a potential hazard to firefighters and first
responders. In contrast, the microinverters improve this
safety situation by shutting off the power to each PV module. Thus, all of the conductors in the PV system and in the
building will be de-energized in an emergency.



IEEE Electrification - December 2020

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Electrification - December 2020

Contents
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - Cover1
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - Cover2
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - Contents
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 2
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 3
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 4
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 5
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 6
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 7
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 8
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 9
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 10
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 11
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 12
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 13
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 14
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 15
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 16
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 17
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 18
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 19
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 20
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 21
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 22
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 23
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 24
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 25
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 26
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 27
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 28
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 29
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 30
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 31
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 32
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 33
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 34
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 35
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 36
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 37
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 38
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 39
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 40
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 41
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 42
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 43
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 44
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 45
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 46
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 47
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 48
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 49
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 50
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 51
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 52
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 53
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 54
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 55
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 56
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 57
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 58
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 59
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 60
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 61
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 62
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 63
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 64
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 65
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 66
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 67
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 68
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 69
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 70
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 71
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 72
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 73
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 74
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 75
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 76
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 77
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 78
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 79
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 80
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 81
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 82
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 83
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 84
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 85
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 86
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 87
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 88
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 89
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 90
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 91
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 92
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 93
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 94
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 95
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 96
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 97
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 98
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 99
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 100
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 101
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 102
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 103
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 104
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 105
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 106
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 107
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 108
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 109
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 110
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 111
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 112
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 113
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 114
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 115
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 116
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 117
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 118
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 119
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 120
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 121
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 122
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 123
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 124
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - Cover3
IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2013
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com