IEEE Electrification - December 2020 - 67
the off-grid requirements are met, thus realizing seamless
switching. In the passive off-grid model, when the EMS
receives the off-grid command, it can reasonably adjust
the system state and give priority to the important load
power supply. Figure 16 shows the active off-grid operation curve of the system.
The system works stably during the period of 12:00 a.m.-
10:30 a.m. It is charged in the valley of the night electricity
price and discharged in the peak of the daytime. At 10:30 a.m.,
the system receives the command to leave the network
actively at 12:30 p.m. When the command is received, the
energy-storage system starts charging, and its state of
Typical Day 3: The Day With Obvious Fluctuation in the PV Output
1,200
1
800
0.8
600
0.6
400
0.4
200
0.2
0
Price (¥/kMW)
Power (MW)
1,000
0
-200
.
0
:0
12
10
:0
0
a.
m
p.
p.
8:
00
p.
m
.
.
m
.
m
.
6:
00
p.
m
.
00
2:
4:
00
p.
m
.
0
p.
m
.
:0
12
10
:0
0
a.
m
.
a.
m
.
8:
00
a.
m
.
00
6:
4:
00
a.
m
.
m
a.
00
12
2:
:0
0
a.
m
.
-400
Time
PV Output
Storage
Tie Line
Load
Maximum Power on Tie Line
Price
Figure 15. The operation curves of typical day 3.
Typical Day 4: The Day With Off-Grid Operation
1,200
1
800
0.8
600
0.6
400
0.4
200
0.2
0
Price (¥/kMW)
Power (MW)
1,000
0
-200
a.
m
.
12
:0
0
p.
m
.
10
:0
0
p.
m
.
8:
00
p.
m
.
6:
00
p.
m
.
4:
00
p.
m
.
2:
00
p.
m
.
12
:0
0
a.
m
.
10
:0
0
a.
m
.
8:
00
a.
m
.
6:
00
a.
m
.
4:
00
a.
m
.
2:
00
12
:0
0
a.
m
.
-400
Time
PV Output
Storage
Tie Line
Load
SOC
Price
Figure 16. The operation curves of typical day 4. SOC: state of charge.
IEEE Elec trific ation Magazine / D EC EM BE R 2 0 2 0
67
IEEE Electrification - December 2020
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Electrification - December 2020
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