IEEE Electrification - December 2021 - 7

grid, it is worth mentioning that a
significant competitor is dispatchable
carbon-free power, for example, the
use of natural gas peaker plants with
carbon capture and sequestration.
Because peaker plants often have a
capacity factor of 10% or less, the
capital cost of adding carbon capture
and sequestration technology, especially
to arrest a large fraction of the
carbon dioxide in the output, is a
potential economic challenge.
To conclude, energy storage
deployment (primarily of Li-ion batteries)
is rapidly increasing, and
future stationary projects will be
able to benefit from and grow with
the automotive industry's push
toward vehicle electrification
throughout the 2020s. However, as
electricity systems with >50% of
their annual electricity from wind
and solar are built, large-scale storage
at durations of >12 h may be of
increasing importance to ensure a
reliable electricity supply and to
benefit other applications, such as
transmission and distribution support
and resilience.
For Further Reading
A. A. Akhil et al., " DOE/EPRI 2013 electricity
storage handbook in collaboration
with NRECA, " Sandia National
Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, Sandia
Rep. SAND2013-5131, July 2013. [Online].
Available: https://www.energy.gov/
sites/default/files/2013/08/f2/Elec
StorageHndbk2013.pdf
P. Albertus, J. S. Manser, and S. Litzelman,
" Long-duration electricity storage
applications, economics, and technologies, "
Joule, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 21-32, Jan.
15, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2019.11.009.
P. Denholm, J. Nunemaker, P.
Gagnon, and W. Cole, " The potential for
battery energy storage to provide peaking
capacity in the United States, "
Renew. Energy, vol. 151, pp. 1269-1277,
May 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.
2019.11.117.
M. S. Ziegler et al., " Storage requirements
and costs of shaping renewable
energy toward grid decarbonization, "
Joule, vol. 3, no. 9, pp. 2134-2153, Sept.
18, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2019.06.012.
J. A. Dowling et al., " Role of longduration
energy storage in variable
renewable electricity systems, " Joule,
vol. 4, no. 9, pp. 1907-1928, Sept. 16,
2020. doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2020.07.007.
N. A. Sepulveda, J. D. Jenkins, A.
Edington, D. S. Mallapragada, and R. K.
Lester, " The design space for longduration
energy storage in decarbonized
power systems, " Nature Energy, vol.
6, no. 5, pp. 506-516, 2021. doi: 10.1038/
s41560-021-00796-8.
O. J. Guerra et al., " The value of seasonal
energy storage technologies for
the integration of wind and solar
power, " Energy Environ. Sci., vol. 7, no. 13,
pp. 1909-1922, 2020. doi: 0.1039/
D0EE00771D.
Biography
Paul Albertus (albertus@umd.edu) is
the associate director of the Maryland
Energy Innovation Institute and
an assistant professor of chemical
and biomolecular engineering, both
at the University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland, 20740, USA.
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https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2013/08/f2/ElecStorageHndbk2013.pdf https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2013/08/f2/ElecStorageHndbk2013.pdf https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2013/08/f2/ElecStorageHndbk2013.pdf http:// http://www.ieee-pes.org/pesawards

IEEE Electrification - December 2021

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