IEEE Electrification - December 2022 - 16
through load disaggregation, which infers battery charging
and discharging conditions from building-level net load data.
Grid Edge Load Monitoring and Forecasting
Advanced grid edge load monitoring is also critical to
smart grid management and building-to-grid integration.
The deployment of AMI, although with a low temporal
granularity, provides solutions to meter grid edge loads to
the appliance level. Disaggregating household load for better
home energy management and demand response is an
emerging topic in smart grid data analysis. Coupled with
high-resolution data, such as feeder-level supervisory
control and data acquisition (SCADA) data and data fusion
techniques, AMI has a high potential to provide real-time
monitoring capabilities. Another enabling technology of
better grid edge load monitoring is the Internet of Things,
which significantly advances the adoption of smart
appliances. Figure 7 illustrates grid edge components,
specifically energy-consuming devices. These newer versions
of devices are usually equipped with measuring and
communication functions, and they are sometimes controllable
through mobile devices. Having access to this
information and these devices can help distribution operators
more efficiently manage their networks.
Another important grid edge
Battery Storage
EV
Rooftop PV
Smart Appliances
Figure 7. Grid edge devices in a smart home.
load device is EVs. Although some
EVs can be used to provide power,
most EVs are considered energyconsuming
devices most of the
time. The EV charging profile is
impacted by many factors, including
the driving pattern; EV and
battery type; household load
demand; weather; and electricity
tariffs. Most approaches and challenges
of battery system and
smart load monitoring also apply
to EVs. One distinctive topic is
commercial building EV charging
demand monitoring. Commercial
loads were once considered to be
more predictable than residential
loads. As shown in Figure 8, with
the coming EV wave, the number
Figure 8. Public EV charging stations in the contiguous United States. (Source: Figure based on data from the U.S. DOE Alternative Fuels
Data Center.)
16
IEEE Electrification Magazine / DECEMBER 2022
IEEE Electrification - December 2022
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Electrification - December 2022
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