IEEE Electrification - December 2022 - 35

4.5
Baseline
(No Advanced Control)
3.5
4
2.5
3
1.5
2
0.5
1
Scenarios
Low Grid PV
High Grid PV + No Utility Coordination
High Grid PV
High Grid PV + Limited VAR Support From PV
Figure 6. Results of the overvoltage mitigation with the application of the hierarchical control.
the average energy consumption reduction during the peak
pricing period is 4.65 kWh/day.
Enhancing Grid Resilience With the
Use of Grid-Edge DERs
One key change that grid-edge DERs have brought to traditional
distribution systems is the addition of controllable
generating capability at the demand
side. When a distribution system
suffers from line failures, the protection
system will isolate the fault
to prevent further damage to the
grid, but it could also result in one or
multiple sections being isolated
from the upstream grid and thus
cause service interruptions and outages.
For traditional distribution
grids, those outage sections will
remain disconnected until the faults
have been cleared or repaired, as
shown in Figure 8(a). If remotely controllable
switches are present, the
distribution grid could also reconfigure
its topology to reconnect some
outage sections to the part of the
grid that was not affected by the
failures, as shown in Figure 8(b).
Through reconfiguration, the outage
12 March
2022
10
15
−10
−5
5
19 March
2022
20 March 21 March 22 March
23 March
Figure 7. Results of the field experiments on the peak load shift with the application of the hierarchical
control. The blue curve is the result of the week with no control, and the red curve is the
result of the week with hierarchical control. The red shades are the peak pricing periods.
IEEE Electrification Magazine / DECEMBER 2022
35
areas can be reduced, and the number of customers suffering
from outages will decrease; however, the number of
operable switches is typically very limited, and thus it is likely
that certain outage areas cannot be reconnected to the
grid on time because there is no switch to operate. Also, at
present, load calculations performed to make switching
decisions do not consider the availability of DERs or other
13 March 14 March 15 March 16 March
Peak Period Peak Period Peak Period Peak Period Peak Period
Baseline (No
Advanced Control)
Hierarchical Control
(Limited Resources)
HEMS Only (For
Utility Bill Savings)
Hierarchical Control + Limited
VAR Support From Rooftop PV
HEMS Only
(For Utility Bill Savings)
Hierarchical Control
(Limited Resources)
Hierarchical Control +
No Utility Coordination
Hierarchical Control
Hierarchical Control
Percent of Over-Voltages
Average kW of Home 1 + Home 2

IEEE Electrification - December 2022

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