IEEE Electrification - December 2022 - 87

an implementation of more than 122,000 solar PV panels,
providing 60 MWp of power at the Tuas Tengeh Reservoir
(see Figure 4). This is equivalent to providing power for
about 16,000 public housing apartments. The solar farm is
about the size of 45 football fields, and it generates
enough power to sustain the daily operations of the water
treatment facilities under the Public Utilities Board. This
project aims for Singapore to attain 100% green operations
for its waterworks facilities.
One of the many advantages of this project is its
usage of water bodies for solar PV installations. As the
land space in Singapore is very limited, the Tengeh Reservoir,
which is an offshore location,
was chosen for implementing
a commercial-scale solar PV farm.
Energy Storage Systems
Energy storage systems (ESSs) might
not fall directly under low-carbon
technologies. However, they can act
as an enabler to push a higher penetration
of low-carbon technologies
into the power grid. Singapore's target
of achieving 2 GWp of solar
power by 2030 would mean that
around 20% of the daily peak power
(considering a peak demand of 10
GW in 2030) is delivered by a volatile
source. In such a scenario, it is important
to understand how the morning
and evening ramp rates or a sudden
cloud cover would impact the grid.
One of the best solutions to mitigate
this uncertainty is using an ESS.
Implementing an ESS will also allow
excess solar energy to be stored during
periods of low demand and,
if required, use it to reduce peak
demand. Singapore's first utilityscale
ESS was installed in 2020 and
has a capacity of 2.4 MW/2.4 MWh.
The energy stored can power more
than 200 four-room public housing
flats for a day.
Floating ESSs
The Energy Market Authority and
Keppel Offshore & Marine have
come up with a project to conduct
research and develop a floating ESS
in Singapore. Envision Digital, an
Artificial Intelligence of Things
company, will be leading the project,
intending to implement a
7.5-MW/7.5-MWh lithium-ion ESS
on the Keppel Offshore & Marine
Floating Living Lab (see Figure 5). Artificial intelligence
and machine learning systems will be used to boost the
Floating Living Lab's efficiency. The ESS will have new
cooling systems, using seawater for cooling the ESS to
counter Singapore's high ambient temperatures. The
results of this project will be subsequently used for
future large-scale deployments of ESSs in Singapore.
Development of a
Regional Power Grid
Singapore plans to import 30% of its energy from low-carbon
sources by 2035 and develop a regional power grid. A
Figure 4. The solar PV testbed at the Tengeh Reservoir in Singapore. (Source: https://pub.gov.
sg; used with permission.)
3
5
1
2
4
1 - Solar Panels
2 - ESS
3 - LNG Tank
4 - Manifolds for Bunkering
5 - Hydrogen-Enabled Engine
Figure 5. The floating ESSs. (Source: Keppel Offshore & Marine; used with permission.)
IEEE Electrification Magazine / DECEMBER 2022
87
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IEEE Electrification - December 2022

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