IEEE Electrification - December 2022 - 89

of different grids, and available capacity of energy storage
might make it difficult to ensure the highly reliable
electricity supply that customers are used to in Singapore.
The power quality problem will become more challenging
with the increase in demand due to the
electrification of transport, as it will enhance the
dynamics of load demand.
Infrastructure Changes
Massive infrastructure changes would be required to
implement the ambitious targets set up by Singapore.
Consider the case of replacing all ICE vehicles with EVs by
2040. There will be a massive need for the charging infrastructure
required to support the smooth running of EVs
to minimize range anxiety and provide easy availability of
chargers. However, this is just on the surface, and a whole
ecosystem will have to be developed, as instruments and
spare parts will be required to maintain and repair EVs.
Monitoring and control software and equipment have to
be developed to manage the increase in EVs. These additional
material and infrastructure costs need to be considered,
especially for Singapore, since we have a limited
supply of land space and resources.
Reliance on Regional Politics
As Singapore plans to develop a regional grid, it has to
play a crucial role in infrastructure development in the
neighboring countries. Even after the infrastructure
development, it will be very important to maintain stable
political ties with the countries exporting low-carbon
power to Singapore and attract more talent into the
energy sector.
Conclusion
Being a city-state, Singapore has limited natural resources
and space. Currently, more than 95% of its energy is generated
using natural gas, which is imported from other
countries. Solar is the most widely available resource in an
equatorial region like Singapore. Significant measures
have been implemented to deploy PVs in all possible spaces,
such as public buildings, commercial spaces, and even
water reservoirs. Moreover, to tackle the impacts of climate
change, Singapore's energy sector has adopted the
four-switch approach:
x improve the efficiency of generation using natural gas,
which is still the dominant fuel in Singapore
x target the achievement of at least 2 GWp of solar by
2030 and an energy storage deployment target of
200 MW beyond 2025
x tap regional power grids for cost-efficient and sustainable
energy
x explore other low-carbon alternatives, such as carbon
capture, storage technologies, hydrogen, etc., to reduce
the carbon footprint of Singapore.
The country can generate a high percentage of renewable
energy. The problem could be the political desire for a high
percentage of renewable energy in the nation's generating
mix and policies that work for the country.
The low-carbon future of Singapore will require many
infrastructure changes, research support, and technology
development. With the increased diversity in the energy
mix, it might be challenging for Singapore to provide highly
reliable power to its customers.
For Further Reading
" Chapter 3. Energy consumption, " Energy Market Authority,
Singapore, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.ema.gov.sg/
singapore-energy-statistics/Ch03/index3
" Propelling the growth of the LNG ecosystem securing a
sustainable energy future, " Singapore LNG Corporation, Singapore,
2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.slng.com.sg/
" PUB pursues large-scale floating solar deployment at
Tengeh Reservoir while EDB explores potential for 100MWp
system, " Singapore's National Water Agency, Singapore, 2020.
[Online]. Available: https://www.pub.gov.sg/news/pressreleases/
PUBpursueslargescalefloatingsolardeploymentatTengeh
Reservoir
" SolarNova programme, " Housing and Development Board,
Singapore, 2014. [Online]. Available: https://www.hdb.gov.sg/
about-us/our-role/smart-and-sustainable-living/solarnova
-page
" Singapore's approach to alternative energy, " National Climate
Change Secretariat, Singapore, 2021. [Online]. Available:
https://www.nccs.gov.sg/singapores-climate-action/singapore
-approach-to-alternative-energy/
" Update of the solar photovoltaic (PV) roadmap for Singapore, "
Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore,
2020. [Online]. Available: http://www.seris.sg/doc/publications/
Update-of-the-Solar-Roadmap-for-Singapore-(March-2020).
pdf
" Energy storage systems technology roadmap for Singapore, "
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 2020. [Online].
Available: https://www.ntu.edu.sg/docs/librariesprovider60/
publications/ess-technology-roadmap-singapore.pdf?
sfvrsn=c91c9ae8_2%20ERI@N
" Singapore energy statistics, " Energy Market Authority of
Singapore, Singapore, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.
ema.gov.sg/Singapore_Energy_Statistics.aspx
" Asia and the Pacific renewable energy status report, "
REN21 Secretariat, Paris, France, 2019. [Online]. Available:
https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/611911/
asia-pacific-renewable-energy-status.pdf
Biographies
Cheng Siong Chin (cheng.chin@ncl.ac.uk) is with Newcastle
University, 599493, Singapore.
Anurag Sharma (anurag.sharma@ncl.ac.uk) is with
Newcastle University, 599493, Singapore.
Dhivya Sampath Kumar (dhivya.sampathkumar@
singaporetech.edu.sg) is with the Singapore Institute of
Technology, 567739, Singapore.
Sumith Madampath (sumithms@spgroup.com.sg) is
with the Singapore Power Group, 120113, Singapore.
IEEE Electrification Magazine / DECEMBER 2022
89

https://www.ema.gov.sg/singapore-energy-statistics/Ch03/index3 https://www.ema.gov.sg/singapore-energy-statistics/Ch03/index3 https://www.slng.com.sg/ https://www.pub.gov.sg/news/pressreleases/PUBpursueslargescalefloatingsolardeploymentatTengehReservoir https://www.pub.gov.sg/news/pressreleases/PUBpursueslargescalefloatingsolardeploymentatTengehReservoir https://www.pub.gov.sg/news/pressreleases/PUBpursueslargescalefloatingsolardeploymentatTengehReservoir https://www.hdb.gov.sg/about-us/our-role/smart-and-sustainable-living/solarnova-page https://www.hdb.gov.sg/about-us/our-role/smart-and-sustainable-living/solarnova-page https://www.hdb.gov.sg/about-us/our-role/smart-and-sustainable-living/solarnova-page https://www.nccs.gov.sg/singapores-climate-action/singapore-approach-to-alternative-energy/ https://www.nccs.gov.sg/singapores-climate-action/singapore-approach-to-alternative-energy/ http://www.seris.sg/doc/publications/Update-of-the-Solar-Roadmap-for-Singapore-(March-2020).pdf http://www.seris.sg/doc/publications/Update-of-the-Solar-Roadmap-for-Singapore-(March-2020).pdf http://www.seris.sg/doc/publications/Update-of-the-Solar-Roadmap-for-Singapore-(March-2020).pdf https://www.ntu.edu.sg/docs/librariesprovider60/publications/ess-technology-roadmap-singapore.pdf?sfvrsn=c91c9ae8_2%20ERI@ https://www.ntu.edu.sg/docs/librariesprovider60/publications/ess-technology-roadmap-singapore.pdf?sfvrsn=c91c9ae8_2%20ERI@ https://www.ntu.edu.sg/docs/librariesprovider60/publications/ess-technology-roadmap-singapore.pdf?sfvrsn=c91c9ae8_2%20ERI@ https://www.ema.gov.sg/Singapore_Energy_Statistics.aspx https://www.ema.gov.sg/Singapore_Energy_Statistics.aspx https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/611911/asia-pacific-renewable-energy-status.pdf https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/611911/asia-pacific-renewable-energy-status.pdf

IEEE Electrification - December 2022

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