IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2017 - 43

Energy Management of the Keating Nanogrid
The energy management mechanism depicted in Figure 16 is implemented for enhancing the interaction
between the Keating Nanogrid and the IIT Microgrid operations. The Keating Nanogrid controller checks the power
generation, storage, and consumption status in the
nanogrid to determine if a power exchange with the IIT
Microgrid is required. Accordingly, the IIT Microgrid controller optimizes the amount of the power exchange with
the Keating Nanogrid as a single node in Loop 2. The Keating Nanogrid controller performs the additional supplyside and demand-side management of on-site control
entities according to the power exchange prescribed by
the IIT Microgrid controller. Supply-side management regulates the behaviors of PV arrays and batteries, whereas
the demand-side management optimizes the pattern for
controllable loads in the nanogrid. By coordinating supply
and demand entities, the Keating Nanogrid controller
guarantees the economics and the
security of the nanogrid operation.

(a)

(b)

Figure 13. Ambient lighting condition (a) with and (b) without Aris
Wind streetlights.

Supply-Side Management at the
Keating Nanogrid

Conext
Combox

Schneider Power Converters
Xanbus

MPPT-Based PV System Control
Ethernet

Solectria Power Inverters

LED Lights
ZigBee

Ethernet

Keating Nanogrid
Controller

IIT Microgrid
Controller

Modbus
TCP/IP

The daily power generated by PV
arrays varies with panel temperature,
shading, and sunlight. Both Solectria
Renewables's PVI 14TL inverter and
Schneider Electric's Xantrex XW
MPPT 80 600 buck converter harvest
the maximum available solar energy
by utilizing maximum-power-pointtracking (MPPT) techniques. MPPT
allows a power converter to continuously vary the operating voltage of PV
arrays to track the maximum power
point, leading to the highest harvest
of solar energy. As illustrated in Figure 17, MPPT can be realized by
adjusting a variable load in the converter circuit until the maximum power point (MPP), where the product of
the operating voltage and current is
maximized, is found. When the MPP
changes because of ambient conditions, the power converter will adjust
the operating voltage to stay on the
MPP without interrupting the power
generated by PV arrays.

CANbus

Sensed M-Line Battery Module

BMS-200

Figure 14. The communication infrastructure of the Keating Nanogrid.

Battery Control Using the
Voltage-Level Signal
The battery is charged and discharged
in conjunction with the power output
of PV arrays for maximizing the

Figure 15. The Keating Nanogrid SCADA system based on the OSIsoft PI platform.
	

IEEE Electrific ation Magazine / j une 2 0 1 7

43



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2017

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