Sweden Tomelilla 132 kV 60/10-kV Substation Overhead Line Cable Current and Voltage MW and MVar Frequency Allinge 09 60 kV 03 Olsker Borrby 15 Gudhjem 02 Haste 04 Østerlars 01 Snorrebakken 11 05 Viadukten Akirketry Rønne Syd 08 12 Renne Nord 14 Vesthavnen Vaerket 00 10 Svaneke Dalslunde 07 Bodilsker 13 Poulsker Nexø 06 Figure 4. A single-line diagram of the Bornholm 60-kV system. (Image courtesy of Q. Wu et al. 2012.) are briefly described to give some insights for possible off-grid solutions for island power systems. It should be noted that these solutions were developed for both offgrid islands and large-scale power systems with high renewables. The EDISON project developed system solutions for electric-vehicle (EV) system integration, such as a new balancing market design, a system architecture for EV integration, and new tariffs for congestion management (Figure 5). EV integration can reduce GHG emissions from the transport sector. EVs can also be used as distributed energy resources (DERs) to provide system services. With the EDISON virtual power plant (EVPP) concept, the EV charging can be efficiently managed to participate into both the electricity WP1 Electric Vehicle Technology Denmark Production Electric Load WP2 Power System Analysis Billing Battery Swapping Computer EVs WP3 Aggregated Charging Control Software Fast Charging Transformer WP4 WP5A Assessment of Fast Charging Test of Technology and Battery Swapping in Laboratory Figure 5. An overview of the EDISON project. (Image courtesy of the EDISON Project.) 68 WP3 Test of Technology on Bornholm Batteries Power System Control Software Bornholm I E E E E l e c t r i f i c ati o n M agaz ine / j un e 2017 WP5 Communication Between Car and Charge Spot