IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2017 - 82

Data Synchronization
Due to limited communication infrastructure or specific
communication protocol rules, near real-time data from
distributed generation sources or loads may be sent to the
microgrid central controller in sequence, which causes a
time skew problem. Different techniques, such as the
extended Kalman filter and extrapolation methods, may
able to send synchronous measured data.

Mode Detection
Mode detection decides the mode (normal or contingency)
in which the system should operate. When the system
recovers, the mode detection function will get the control
system back to the normal operation mode. It should be
noted that microgrid resynchronization and black start are
out of the scope of this project.

Future Work
Once all the functionalities are coordinated, off-line simulation work and online (hardware-in-the-loop) testing will be
carried out in sequence. The developed AFBs will be implemented into the GE microgrid controller. The microgrid
model will be implemented into an OPAL-RT real-time simulator. The controller is going to relate to the OPAL-RT to do
hardware-in-the-loop testing. The validated controller is
expected to operate on site by the end of 2017.

Conclusion
This article introduces microgrid development in Singapore. GE is collaborating with NTU to deliver a microgrid
EMS control that will be applied in the Eco Campus and
REIDS Semakau Island microgrids. The proposed microgrid
EMS controller focuses on enhancing the economic operation and maximizing the reliability of the power supply, as
different microgrid segments each has its own purpose.

For Further Reading
National Climate Change Secretariat and National Research
Foundation. (2011). Smart grid technology primer:
A summary. [Online]. Available: https://www.nccs.gov.sg/sites/
nccs/files/Smart%20Grid%20Primer.pdf
Clean Energy Committee, Sustainable Energy Association
of Singapore. (2014, Jan. 20). A case for sustainability: Accelerating the adoption of renewable energy in Singapore. [Online].
Available: https://www.scribd.com/document/202443420/
White-Paper-on-Accelerating-Renewable-Energy-in-Singapore
Z. Bie and Y. Lin, "An overview of rural electrification in
China: History, technology and emerging trends," IEEE Electrific. Mag., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 36-47, Mar. 2015.
H. Vasconcelos, C. Moreira, A. Madureira, J. Lopes, and V.
Miranda, "Advanced control solutions for operating isolated
power systems: Examining the Portuguese islands," IEEE Electrific. Mag., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 25-35, 2015.
A. Venkataraman, S. Dutta, Y. Li, S. Kayal, L. M. Costa, T.
Jiang, R. Plana, P. Tordjman, D. Tang, F. H. Choo, C. F. Foo, and H.
B. Puttgen, "Development of a power mix management system for REIDS microgrids," in Proc. Asian Conf. Energy, Power and
Transportation Electrification, Singapore, 25-27 Oct. 2016, pp. 1-5.

I E E E E l e c t r i f i c ati o n M agaz ine / j un e 2017

N. Hatziargyriou, H. Asano, and R. Iravani, "Microgrids,"
IEEE Power Energy Mag., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 78-94, July 2007.
F. Katiraer, R. Iravani, and N. Hatziargyriou, "Microgrids
management," IEEE Power Energy Mag., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 54-65,
June 2008.
W. Archibald, Z. Li, M. Shahidehpour, S. Johanns, and T.
Levitsky, "Islands in the sun: The solar power deployment initiative at the University of the Virgin Islands," IEEE Electrific.
Mag., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 56-67, Mar. 2015.
P. Asmus, "Why microgrids are moving into mainstream,
improving the efficiency of the larger power grid," IEEE Electrific. Mag., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 12-19, Mar. 2014.
Q. Jiang, M. Xue, and G. Geng, "Energy management of
microgrid in grid-connected and stand-alone modes," IEEE
Trans. Power Syst., vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 3380-3389, Aug. 2013.
M. Abdelaziz, H. Farag, E. El-Saadany, and Y. Mohamed, "A
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IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 190-201, May 2012.
D. Shirmohammadi, H. W. Hong, A. Semlyen, and G. X. Luo,
"A compensation based power flow method for weakly
meshed distribution and transmission networks," IEEE Trans.
Power Syst., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 753-762, May 1988.

biographies
Tianxiang Jiang (Tianxiang.jiang@ge.com) is a microgrid
and distributed automation innovation engineer with
General Electric Grid Solutions, Inc.
Luís Miguel Costa (luismiguel.costa@ge.com) is the
microgrid and distributed automation innovation head with
General Electric Energy Connections.
Philippe Tordjman (Philippe.tordjman@ge.com) is the
automation microgrid business development leader with
General Electric Grid Automation.
S.S. (Mani) Venkata is the principal scientist with
General Electric Grid Solutions Inc.
Nils Siebert (nils.siebert@ge.com) is the microgrid and
distributed automation innovation technical coordinator
with General Electric Energy Connections.
Jayant Kumar is the global director of smart grid
initiatives at General Electric Grid Solutions Inc.
Hans B. (Teddy) Püttgen is the principal investigator
and project director of the Renewable Energy Integration
Demonstrator-Singapore.
Aditya Venkataraman is a research fellow at the Energy
Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore, for the Renewable Energy Integration Demonstrator-Singapore.
Shreya Dutta is a research associate at the Energy Research
Institute at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
Yanling Li is a research associate at the Energy Research
Institute at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, for
the Renewable Energy Integration Demonstrator-Singapore.
Difei Tang is a research fellow at the Energy Research
Institute at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, for
the Renewable Energy Integration Demonstrator-Singapore.

https://www.nccs.gov.sg/sites/ https://www.scribd.com/document/202443420/

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