IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 82

Reported as of 31 March 2012

4,500

Reported as of 31 March 2013

SGIG Project
Expenditures (US$ Millions)

4,000

Estimated at Completion

3,500

US$1,000

3,000
2,500

US$4,050

2,000
1,500

US$450 US$1,960

1,000
US$180

500

US$2,920
US$70

US$620

US$440

US$200

US$1,280

US$1,040

Electric Transmission
Systems

Electric Distribution
Systems

Advanced Metering
Infrastructure

Customers
System

Figure 5. Investments in the U.S. Department of Energy Smart Grid Investment Grant program.

Transmission

Distribution

Customer

Wide-Area
Measurement

FDIR

SMI

AVVC

DTs

SFM

long-run benefits and the potential to achieve a sustainable and affordable energy supply. in addition, the viability
and scalability of the national broadband network, a
national open-access data network in australia, was evaluated for providing communication services for various
smart-grid applications.

DG, DS
Core Infrastructures
(Telecommunication, IT Systems, and Security)
Figure 6. Key trials associated with transmission, distribution, and
customer domains. SFM: substation and feeder monitoring; AVVC:
active volt-var control.

specifically, a business case assessment was carried
out to evaluate the cost benefit of eight smart-grid
technologies:
1) fault detection, isolation and restoration (fdir)
2) substation and feeder monitoring
3) active volt-var control
4) smart-meter infrastructure (smi)
5) dynamic tariffs (dts)
6) electric vehicles (EVs)
7) dG
8) distributed storage (ds).
all of these smart-grid technologies are delivered
through security and reliable data networks. Key trails
performed in the sGsc project are shown in figure 6. it
was found that the fdir technologies can contribute
approximately half of the total net benefit by significantly
improving grid and customer reliability. dts, dG, ds, and
EVs that are enabled by smi demonstrated significant

I EEE E l e c t r i f i c a t i on M a gaz ine / J UN E 2018

Smart Cities in Spain
since 2012, the city of Barcelona has leveraged technologies to transform itself into a data-driven smart urban system, including the efforts in public transit, parking, street
lighting, and waste management. twenty-two programs
were initiated, consisting of 83 distinct projects across
urban systems. these innovations resulted in significant
cost savings, improved residents' quality of life, and made
the city a center for the emerging iot industry. the smart
city projects in Barcelona take advantage of 500 km of fiber
optic cable within the city, which provides 90% coverage of
fiber-to-the-home and serves as a backbone network for
integrated city systems. this extensive fiber network is utilized to build individual iot systems across urban services.
in the energy sector, to improve energy efficiency, the
city installed 19,500 smart meters that monitor and optimize energy consumption in targeted areas of the city. in
the waste management system, the city's residences
deposit waste in municipal smart bins that can monitor
waste levels and optimize collection routes. these sensors
can be further enhanced to enable advanced applications
(e.g., integrating sensing for hazardous or offensive waste
material in the waste management).
in transportation, Barcelona has pursued a multimodal strategy, advancing the use of EVs and bike sharing

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