100 100 90 90 80 80 60% 70 70 (%) 50 Customer-Side Infrastructure Costs Incremental Electricity GHG Costs 60 60 (%) Net RIM Benefit* 62% EV Electricity Costs 50 Grid Capacity Costs 40 40 T&D Costs 30 30 Utility EV Monthly Bills (Annualized) 20 20 10 10 0 0 Benefits Costs *Data Labels Show Net RIM Benefit Benefits (a) Costs (b) Figure 3. The results of the ratepayer impact measure test for different charging locations: (a) home charging focus and (b) away-from-home 100 100 90 90 Net TRC Benefit* 38% Incremental Electricity GHG Costs 80 80 70 70 Grid Capacity Costs 60 60 T&D Costs 50 50 Customer-Side Infrastructure Costs 40 40 Incremental Vehicle Costs (EV over ICEV) 30 30 Gasoline GHG Reductions 20 20 Gasoline Savings 10 10 (%) (%) charging focus. 0 -14% -10 EV Electricity Costs Federal Vehicle EV Tax Credits *Data Labels Show Net TRC Benefit 0 -10 Benefits Costs (a) Benefits Costs (b) Figure 4. The results of the TRC test for low and high future gasoline prices: (a) low-gasoline prices and (b) high-gasoline prices. 64 I E E E E l e c t r i f i c ati o n M agaz ine / march 2017