IEEE Electrification - March 2021 - 64

bulk power systems are becoming ineffective in understanding the stability characteristics of modern power
systems with very high levels of IBRs. On the other
hand, while the impedance method can efficiently represent the stability behavior of IBRs without depending
on their open-box models and is increasingly used for
the stability analysis of large power electronics systems,
its scalability for doing interconnection-level stability

EMT Models
of IBRs

Cosimulation

Python-Based Automated Stability Analysis Software Tools

e
nc
da sis
e
p
Im naly
A

Phasor
Model of the
Bulk System

M
An odal
aly
sis

Impedance and StateSpace Hybrid Stability
Analysis Method

Figure 16. The stability analysis tools for power systems with high
levels of IBRs.

Automation Using Python Scripts

studies remains questionable. The combination of
state-space modal analysis, based on the phasor models of conventional synchronous generation and transmission network, with impedance analysis, based on
the impedance responses of IBRs, can overcome the
limitations of both of the stability analysis paradigms.
Such a combination can be supported by emerging
cosimulation tools that can simulate modern power
systems by interfacing the positive-sequence phasor
simulation models of bulk power system with the EMT
simulation models of IBRs. Figure 16 depicts this new
paradigm of using cosimulation with positive-sequence
phasor and EMT models and the combination of
impedance analysis and state-space modal analysis
with impedance analysis methods for the stability
analysis of modern power systems.
Because grid-level studies using impedance methods
can be time consuming, it is important to develop automation tools for performing impedance-based stability
analysis. Figure 17 illustrates python-based, automated
impedance-scanning and stability-analysis tools developed at NREL. These tools can work on vendor-supplied,
black-box EMT models of IBRs, such as wind turbines,
PV inverters, and HVdc converters, to scan their impedance response for performing stability analysis for different grid conditions.
One key hurdle in combining the data-based im--
pedance-analysis approach with the model-based,
state-space, modal-analysis approach is the development of s-domain analytical models of IBRs from their
impedance or admittance responses. This can be

PSCAD Tools for Impedance Sweep

PSCAD Models

Automated Sequence
Admittance Measurement

Admittance Response

Postprocessing of Measurements

Imaginary Part

Magnitude (dB)

Eigenvalue Analysis

Real Part
Figure 17. The automated impedance scanning and stability analysis tools for PSCAD studies. PSCAD: Power Systems Computer Aided Design.

64

I E E E E l e c t r i f i cati o n M agaz ine / MARCH 2021



IEEE Electrification - March 2021

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