IEEE Electrification - March 2022 - 58
Because the torque requirement in these winds is low, it is
possible-with the same hydraulic power rating as in TLG
mode (5% of the wind turbine rating)-to achieve the
broad variable-speed range, which has become mainstream
in inverter-based wind turbines.
The synchronous generator control and behavior are the
Voltage - abc
15
10
5
-5
same in both the TLG and LVS implementations of the
Type-Vb turbine. In terms of its ride-through performance,
Figure 11 depicts how the Type-5 system provides inherent,
self-exciting response of the classical synchronous
machine/voltage regulator combination. This is fundamentally
different from the response of IBRs, which introduce
active control lags and have severe current limits.
The voltage fault response of a Windflow 500 synchronous
wind turbine generator measured on 8 September
2012 at the 46-MW Te Rere Hau wind power plant in New
Zealand is displayed in Figure 11. The event demonstrates
an example of the short circuit current contribution and
ride-through of a Type-5 synchronous turbine during a system
voltage disturbance that lasted approximately 100 ms.
It is the same basic response as any other " conventional "
generating plant on the grid. Figure 11(a) shows the voltage
dip on the grid. Figure 11(b) depicts the short circuit current
response. Figure 11(c) displays the real and reactive
power response, and in particular, the red line shows the
reactive power immediately being exported to oppose the
ωm
MPPT
Qref
Σ
-
-
Qout
ωs,ref
θs
Σ
-
θm
ωr
Σ
-
(c)
ism, ref
-
Σ
isd
Ls/Lm
(e)
isq
Ls/Lm
(f)
Figure 8. Outer control loops of the RSC for the GFM operation of a
Type-3 wind turbine. MPPT: maximum power point tracking. (a) A turbine
power controller. (b) A reactive power and voltage controller. (c) A
phase angle reference signal. (d) A park transform for machine side
converter. (e), (f) A rotor current control reference.
58
IEEE Electrification Magazine / MARCH 2022
ird, ref
-100
-200
Zg (s)
110
(Hz)
Figure 10. A comparison of the positive-sequence impedance
response of a 2.5-MW Type-3 wind turbine in GFL and GFM modes.
100
1,000
ωm
irq, ref
V1
(b)
θr
isa
isb
isc
abc
dq
θs
(d)
isd
isq
vm
Pref
Σ
-
Pout
(a)
Hq(s)
Σ
vm,ref
ism,ref
Σ
Hvm(s)
80
60
40
20
200
100
GFL
ω1
Figure 9. The measured fault ride-through of a 2-MW Type-3 GFM
wind turbine.
ωs,ref
HP(s)
Σ
-10
-15
12345678 9
Time (s)
Current - abc
600
400
300
-200
-400
-600
-800
123456789
Time (s)
a
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
-0.5
1234567 89
Time (s)
b
c
Active and Reactive Power
P
Q
Fast Recovery After Fault
High Fault Current
GFM
Zg (s)
110
(Hz)
GFL
GFM
100
1,000
Phase (°)
Magnitude (dBΩ)
Power (MW)
Current (A)
Voltage (kV)
IEEE Electrification - March 2022
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Electrification - March 2022
Contents
IEEE Electrification - March 2022 - Cover1
IEEE Electrification - March 2022 - Cover2
IEEE Electrification - March 2022 - Contents
IEEE Electrification - March 2022 - 2
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IEEE Electrification - March 2022 - Cover3
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