IEEE Electrification Magazine - September 2015 - 19

5,000

Claimed Subsidies

100

Unclaimed Subsidies

90

13%
35%
87%

65%

40%

60%

80
70

4,000

60
3,000

Number of Subsidized Systems
Total Credit Sum

50
40

2,000

Millions of €

6,000

30
20

1,000

10
0

Until August 2013

Until End of December 2013

Until Mid-May 2014

0

Figure 8. The development of subsidized residential PV storage batteries in Germany (Schreiber, 2015).

Performance (W)

the number of storage systems expected
by the end of 2020 and during this transiDay Week Month Year
tion (EuPD, 2009 and Schreiber, 2015).
In Germany, the federal governZoom
ment offers unique incentives for
10 k
PV-battery system investment. The
state-owned bank KfW supports the
7.5 k
acquisition of PV-connected storage
with grid connection and data man5k
agement systems (battery alone or in
combination with a new PV system)
2.5 k
through low-interest loans and
investment grants. The level of sup0k
port is dependent on the size of the
03:00
06:00
09:00
12:00
15:00
16:00
18:00
PV system and the cost of the storConsumption
PV Production
Discharge
age system (GTAI, 2015). Only 40% of
Charge and Consumption
Charge
the total subsidy budget was used in
<< 6 Weeks < 1 Week Today 1 Week
6 Weeks
2014. A yearly subsidy of €25 million
has been proposed for PV storage
Figure 9. An example of the battery storage system's interaction with the overall system.
systems (Figure 8).
Figure 9 shows an example of the
federal and state initiatives are inspiring more general
interaction between the battery storacceptance of the technology and its benefits are becoming
age system, the load, the PV system, and the grid. It details
clear. In some regions, like Hawaii, there is a strong interest
how the battery system is recharged from extra PV energy
in not only using energy storage in combination with PVs to
and how it supplies most of the power required at night.
stabilize the grid but also to offer completely off-grid selfThe effective management of PV battery storage
sustaining solutions for people in remote locations.
requires close monitoring of the weather forecast. This
The U.S. residential market is more interested in enercan include checking hourly, daily, and extended forecasts.
gy backup support for households and autonomy from
Figure 10 shows the interaction between the battery storthe grid, especially in those areas frequently prone to torage systems and weather forecast.
nadoes, hurricanes, and blizzards. After Hurricane Sandy,
U.S. Market
many homeowners had to wait weeks before they had
It is very difficult to cover all the different applications we
an operating grid able to support their recovery efforts.
are seeing with solar and wind in the United States, as
Of course, this is not is the only application; there is still
IEEE Electrific ation Magazine / S EP T EM BE R 2 0 1 5

19



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Electrification Magazine - September 2015

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