IEEE Electrification - September 2019 - 36

(a)

municipalities for collecting waste,
including compacters, dumpers,
lifters, and tractor trolleys. Different challenges are associated
with waste transportation fleets
on a daily basis, including route
planning, task assignments,
labor allocation, cost management, traffic congestion, and periodic maintenance.

(b)

Figure 7. (a) A fully automated waste collection vehicle in Sweden. (Source: Wikipedia Commons,
Holger.Ellgaard.) (b) Semi-automated vehicles in Pakistan. (Source: Pakistan Today.)

IoT-Based Solution for Waste
Transportation Management

Cities can use modern IoT technology and apply guided vehicle
routing techniques to reduce congestion on roads and improve the
N
Current Position of Type A Bins
efficiency of their operations. In
E
W
addition, such techniques would
S
integrate well into the smart city
F-5
infrastructure. The IoT is an exF-6
tension of the traditional computG-5
F-7
er network, adding devices and
G-6
gadgets capable of sensing, comF-8
municating, and computing. An
G-7
F-9
IoT system consists of three tiers;
G-8
sensors, communication netF-10
G-9
works, and control. IoT applicaF-11
tions include smart cars, smart
H-8
G-10
cities, smartphones, and smart
H-9
G-11
homes. Several types of smart
I-8
objects are used in a collaborative
H-10
I-9
approach to build the infrastructure of smart cities.
I-10
Legend
To provide guided routing, we
Scale 1: 10,000
propose the installation of wasteCurrent Locations
2
1 0
2 km
level sensors in dumpsters, thus
Islamabad Roads
turning them into smart dumpsters.
Smart dumpsters convey the waste
Figure 8. The current position of waste bins in Islamabad, Pakistan. (Source: Pakistan Environlevel to the central server wirelessly.
mental Protection Agency.)
The sensor and communication layers support the automated decisionmaking process that runs on the server. The work in this
article focuses on designing heuristic algorithms to determine the most feasible routes with a minimum number of
trucks, using the waste collection operation of the CDA,
Islamabad, Pakistan, as a proof of concept.

An Illustrative Use Case-Part 1:
Survey and Data Collection

Figure 9. The smart dumpster prototype.

36

I E E E E l e c t r i f i cati o n M agaz ine / SEPTEMBER 2019

We conducted our survey in Islamabad, the capital city of
Pakistan. We obtained data and interviewed the staff of
the conventional solid waste transportation system,
which is managed by the CDA. Thus, we were able to identify key shortcomings and potential improvements in the
waste collection process. Islamabad is divided into eight



IEEE Electrification - September 2019

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Electrification - September 2019

Contents
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IEEE Electrification - September 2019 - Cover2
IEEE Electrification - September 2019 - Contents
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