IEEE Electrification - September 2021 - 114
Consumption
Generation and Balancing
Behind the Meter: Catena
Solar PV
Generation
Consumption
Generation/
Consumption
and Balancing
Generation
Load
Grid
EMS
BESS
Figure 1. An illustration of prosumer-, DSO- and TSO-level views of consumption, generation, traditional balancing, and the EMS system in the
Catena case study.
that are connected to the distribution network in providing
flexibility services.
New Solution in This Work
Shafique et al. have worked on a system consisting of a
BESS tied to a solar PV generation unit and the electricity
grid, providing electricity for a local load. Here, an EMS
was developed that managed a BESS for performing local
power PS of a load and for participation in the Swedish
reserve market to provide FR and power balance services
through frequency containment reserve-normal
(FCR-N). It was the first version of an EMS for the BESS
used for performing ancillary services while prioritizing
PS over FR for ease of implementation.
In this article, the work done by Shafique et al. is further
developed as a behind the meter strategy to create
additional value for the electricity prosumer and the
power grid operators. The implementation of such an EMS
for a complete year is validated. Complementing the technical
validation this study also performs an economic
evaluation of such a system. Figure 2 is a schematic of the
system that the EMS controls.
Theoretical Background
Power PS
Grid
Solar Installations
EMS
Local PS
Frequency Reserve Market
Figure 2. An EMS system schematic.
114 IEEE Electrification Magazine / SEPTEMBER 2021
The demand component of the electricity network fee is
the power fee charged in accordance with the highest
monthly hourly average power
consumed. For a while, this fee has
been limited to consumers with a
large fuse rating but increasingly
the DSO have started introducing
it for consumers with smaller fuse
ratings as well. One way to reduce
this fee is through power PS. PS
involves eliminating the shortterm
spikes in load power to
reduce the overall load power
peak. By intelligently implementing
PS, the highest monthly hourly
average power can be reduced,
resulting in a reduction in the electricity
bill. Beyond just reducing
BESS
Load
IEEE Electrification - September 2021
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