IEEE Electrification - September 2021 - 53

We illustrate a specific scenario that has been implemented
on the EBaaS platform for the example set up
of Figure 4.
The scenario assumptions are as follows:
x Utility rates
- US$.12/kWh charge (dynamic rate for time period
in question)
- US$.04/kWh purchase (feed-in tariff).
x Clean energy token exchange rates
- US$.05/SCEP (1-kWh simple clean energy token)
- US$.01/CCEP (1-kWh compound clean energy
token).
x Charging garage pollution penalty (imposed by the city
council) for the use of energy with an unverified source
to charge the EVs: US$.02/kWh
x Actors are registered on permissioned blockchain
x Smart contracts are triggered by a combination of
telemetry, facility metering, and submetering from
rooftop solar, batteries, and EV chargers.
The transaction scenarios are as follows:
x Microgrid
- PV generation surplus: 50 kW over 8 h (400 kWh)
- EV plugged in and charging at 20 kW during five of
these hours (100 kWh)
- Sells remaining clean energy (300 kWh) to EV
parking garage at a bilaterally agreed-upon rate of
US$.08/kWh, without the associated clean energy
tokens; receives 300 × 8/100 = US$24 after smart
contract verification
- Receives 100 CCEPs (for EV charging) and
300 SCEPs (for remaining PV generation) after
blockchain consensus
- Can sell clean energy tokens on blockchain or
cash for money at the exchange after blockchain
consensus (to ensure no double sale of tokens);
if sold, receives 100 × 1/100 + 300 × 0.50/100 =
US$2.50
- Total proceeds: US$24 + US$2.50 = US$26.50.
x EV charging garage
- PV generation: 5,000 kWh over the course of the
day
- EVs plugged in and charging at a kW rate exceeding
solar generation, for a total of 8,000 kWh
- Is eligible for 5,000 CCEPs (or 50 CCECs) for charging
EVs from solar PVs after verification by blockchain
peers
- Buys 300 kWh from the microgrid through a peerto-peer
transaction at US$.08/kWh, for a total of
300 × US$0.08 = US$24
- Buys the remaining shortfall of 2,700 kWh from the
utility at US$.12/kWh, for a total of 2,700 × 12/100 =
US$324
- Faces a penalty at US$.02/kWh for each kilowatthour
purchased from the utility, for a total penalty
of 2,700 × 2/100 = US$54
- Gets a clean energy credit of 5,000 × 1/100 = US$50
- Net charge: US$324 + US$24 + US$54.00 − US$50 =
US$352
x University
- PV generation: 10,000 kWh over the course of the day
- Daily load: 25,000 kWh
- Is eligible for 10,000 SCEPs (or 100 SCECs) for
solar PV generation after verification by blockchain
peers
Microgrid
EV Charging Garage
* 104-kW Solar PV
* 4-h, 220-kWh Battery
* EV Chargers
* Can Sell Excess Energy
to the Utility or Another
Prosumer (Peer to Peer)
* Is Eligible to Mint Clean
Energy Coins (Tokens)
Based on Its Verifiable
Clean Generation
* Can Use Coins (Tokens)
to Meet Own Clean Energy
Obligation, Back Up Clean
Energy Sale, or Trade for
Money on the Exchange.
* Has Solar PV and
EV Chargers
* Is Awarded Simple or
Compound Clean Energy
Coins (Tokens) Based on
Solar PV and EV Charging
Combinations
University
* Has Solar PV and
Stationary Battery
* Its Load Exceeds Its
Local Generation
* Buys Its Shortfall
From the Utility or
a Third Party.
* Buys Energy From the Utility
When PV Generation Is
Inadequate for EV Charging,
But Is Charged Pollution Charge
* Can Avoid Pollution Charge by
Buying Verifiable Clean Energy
Instead, or Pay for Pollution
Charge With Coins (Tokens).
Figure 4. Illustrative EBaaS use-case actors.
IEEE Electrification Magazine / SEPTEMBER 2021
53
Exchange
* Buys and Sells
Clean Energy
Coins (Tokens)
* Can Sell Coins
(Tokens) Only
If It Has Bought
Them Before
Expiration.
Electric Utility
* Has Approved Dynamic
Tariff in Place
* Has Separate Approved
Tariffs for the Purchase of
Energy (Feed-In Tariff)
From Prosumers
* Requires Information
From Prosumers
Regarding Their
Peer to Peer
Transaction Quantities
to be Able to Dispatch
Resources Accordingly.
IEEE Electrification - September 2021

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