IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2014 - 35

A Brief Overview of Restoration Issues

is different in other parts of the world, the concepts are generally quite similar.
the nerC requirements are delineated in its emergency
preparedness and operations (eop) standards. the standards
that cover the areas being discussed here are eop-001 (Emergency Operations Planning) and eop-005 (System Restoration
from Blackstart Resources). eop-001 covers the requirements
to develop, maintain, and implement a set of plans to mitigate
operating emergencies. the purpose of eop-005 is to ensure
plans, facilities, and personnel are prepared to enable system
restoration from black-start resources so as to assure that reliability is maintained during restoration and a high priority is
placed on restoring the interconnection.
economic issues are handled differently in different regions
of the United states and also throughout other parts of the
world. in the traditional, vertically integrated utility structure,
the utility was responsible for generation, transmission, and
distribution and hence for all the system components required
for restoration. in a market-based system, however, coordination among many parties is required, as different owners and
operators for the generators, the transmission system, and the
distribution systems are involved. Common to both structures
is the need to set clear requirements and reimburse the various
parties for fulfilling these requirements. this is often a difficult
process. as with expenditures for life and medical insurance,
we must spend money on something we hope never to have to
actually use. it is also quite difficult to measure the quality of
restoration services until it is too late and they are already being
mobilized. we will not delve into these issues here other than to
state that system restoration is a critical service and the inducements for generation and transmission owners must be sufficient for them to not only offer these services but to diligently
participate in the testing and training needed to implement
them successfully. below we discuss the main emphasis of this
article: the technical issues that affect power system restoration.

General Philosophy
Most outages involve only a portion of the power system that
can be restored with assistance from neighboring power grids.
while such restoration can be a complex process, the restoration generally occurs in a relatively straightforward manner.
First, the tie lines from the outside power system to the blackedout area are energized. these ties are the starting points used to
january/february 2014

ieee power & energy magazine

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Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2014

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2014 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2014 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2014 - 1
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2014 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2014 - Cover4
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