january/february 2016 ieee power & energy magazine 33 Internet/ e-Business Wide-Area Networks Operations WAMS Distributed Generation Electric Vehicle Meter Billing CIS Utility Provider Internet/ e-Business Energy Services Interface Distributed Energy Resources Distribution Electric Storage Distributed Generation Field Device Electric Storage Distribution SCADA Service Integration MDMS Asset Management Field-Area Networks Metering System Demand Response DMS Distribution Ops Customer Premises Networks Billing CIS Thermostat Appliances Customer Equipment Customer EMS Others Aggregator Home/Building Manager Retail Energy Provider Third-Party Provider Service Providers figure 2. A sample of systems/communications paths comprising the smart grid vision. (Source: Updated NIST Smart Grid Framework 3.0, Feb. 2014.) Electric Storage Substation Controller Data Collector Transmission SCADA Service Integration EMS Transmission Ops Transmission Substation Device Substation Integration RTO SCADA Service Integration EMS RTO/ISO Ops Roles and Actors Gateway Role Comms Path Comms Path Changes Owner/Domain Network Domain Generation Generators Plant Control System Market Services Interface ISO/RTO Participant Energy Market Cleaninghouse Aggregator Retailer/ Wholesaler Markets