IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2017 - 16

T

THE ENERGY SYSTEM IS A COMPLEX NETWORK
of physical infrastructure and markets interacting closely
with one another. Within this network, the gas and electricity systems have become the backbone of modern energy
production. Both systems are closely interconnected due
to the vast deployment of efficient combined-cycle gas turbines (CCGTs) over the first decade of the 2000s, mainly in
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
countries. This increased interdependence and rapid penetration of variable renewable energy sources (varRE) make
the gas-electricity nexus a primary concern and opportunity
for energy system flexibility.
The significant discrepancies in gas prices across the
world (Figure 1) bear witness to the fact that gas markets
remain largely regional. The role of gas in electricity systems and the interaction between gas and electricity differ,
however, across the globe.
✔ In the United States, natural gas has become a major
energy source (primarily at the expense of coal investment), due to the shale gas revolution and to natural gas's
potential in implementing the CO2 reduction policies
introduced by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Consequently, the gas network has been stressed during
times when demand from both the electricity system and
direct gas consumers is high. To ensure reliable operation, several coordinating initiatives between the gas and
electricity sectors have emerged across the country
(for example, in California, Texas, New England, and
the Midwest).

©ISTOCKPHOTO.COM/DIMA_ORIS

Unleashing the
Flexibility of Gas
By Steve Heinen, Christian Hewicker, Nick Jenkins,
James McCalley, Mark O'Malley, Sauro Pasini,
and Simone Simoncini
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MPE.2016.2621838
Date of publication: 2 February 2017

16

IEEE power & energy magazine

1540-7977/17©2017IEEE

january/february 2017



http://www.ISTOCKPHOTO.COM/DIMA_ORIS

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2017

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2017 - Cover1
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2017 - Cover3
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