IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2018 - 63

works in conjunction with c and C to
short the lamp out of the circuit when
a malfunction occurs. the two carbons
that would be enclosed by the globes
are shown at u and v.

Power Distribution
For street lighting, the constant-current
series distribution system was very
common. this did not just apply to arc
lamps but was the case for incandescent street lighting as well. Parallel or
constant potential systems were used
in building lighting or general applications where the lamps were not a great
distance apart.
to fully understand this, one needs
a beginner's understanding of electrical
theory. For our purposes, we can begin
by taking certain things for granted.

january/february 2018

If we add or remove a lamp from
the string, then the generator will sense
a drop or rise in current and adjust its
voltage to bring the current back to the
proper value (−10 a was typical). this
will also bring the voltage that each lamp
sees back to 50 V. any lamp, regardless
of how far from the generator it is located, will see the same voltage and pass the
same current. this was a characteristic of
constant-current series distribution systems that made them suitable for street,
river, or canal lighting where all the loads
were nearly identical. even though the
system voltage could frequently reach
values over 1,000 V, the voltage at each
device was low.
however, the chief advantage with a
series system is that only one conductor is required to feed loads. more often

than not, the wires were carried on
poles down one side of a street, along
a cross street, and then back to the
powerhouse on the opposite side of the
block. because the current was low,
the size of the conductor can be small.
although #8 aWG was common, a
smaller size could have been used.
the #8 wire was the minimum size
used chiefly because of mechanical
strength considerations.
aC systems would eventually be
used to deliver current at high voltage
and drop this voltage down by means
of transformers to a value suitable
for lamp operation. even so, series
constant-current lighting systems, both
dc and ac, were in use well past the
middle of the 20th century. It was a
low-current, and hence low-power-loss

ieee power & energy magazine

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Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2018

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2018 - Intro
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2018 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2018 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2018 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2018 - 2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2018 - 3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2018 - 4
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2018 - 5
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2018 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2018 - Cover4
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