IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2022 - 75

SDG&E built on this experience to develop transmission
FCP (TFCP) systems. One scheme is based on real-time
processing of the PMU data streams already being collected
from ubiquitous
transmission substation PMUs
serving the WASA system. Figure 10 displays a typical
TFCP system configuration for a two-terminal transmission
line. TFCP schemes are being deployed for trial on
69-kV transmission circuits in 2022.
Figure 2 included a timeline for a falling distribution
conductor from 30 ft (9 m). A broken overhead transmission
conductor 60 ft (18 m) in the air takes even longer-almost
2 s-to reach the ground. With PMU measurements and
detection algorithms, substation controllers and relays can
trip line terminal breakers and clear a line by the time a
failed conductor has fallen only a few feet. It lands on the
ground or underbuilt infrastructure, de-energized, and the
fire ignition risk is avoided.
The TFCP measurement system and algorithms are fundamentally
different from those developed for distribution
protection and depend more heavily on line current measurements.
One TFCP method uses synchronized current
comparisons from the line terminal PMU data streams to
figure 9. A typical WASA display for a system operator.
Transmission Line
Voltage
and Current
Measurements
Line Fault Protection
Relay With PMU
Measurement Function
Trip
Real-Time
Automation
Controller With
TFCP Algorithms
figure 10. The components of a TFCP system.
january/february 2022
ieee power & energy magazine
75
Ethernet Wide-Area
PMU Data
Streams
High-Speed
Communications
Network
PMU Data
Streams
Trip
Trip
Voltage
and Current
Measurements
Line Fault Protection
Relay With PMU
Measurement Function
Trip
Real-Time
Automation
Controller With
TFCP Algorithms
Precision Time
Synchronization
Precision Time
Synchronization

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2022

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2022 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2022 - Cover2
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2022 - Cover3
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