IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2021 - 97

in my view (continued from p. 100)
must consider both the consequences of
a disturbance as well as its probability.
Note that system resiliency was not
mentioned in the CIGRE paper and
consequently not defined. Today, system resiliency is important when discussing system security. I will come
back to this.

Challenges-Old and New
The electric power system is continually faced with new challenges in addition to old ones, and so are all other infrastructure systems. These challenges
are due to evolving requirements and
boundary conditions coming from society as well as the introduction and
integration of new technologies. New
technologies offer new and more effective solutions, but their introduction
often requires the redesign of prevailing systems and procedures, which
could be a demanding task introducing
new failure modes in the system. Many
of the latest requirements from society, imposed in the form of new laws
and regulations, are due to increasing
environmental concerns and awareness. Furthermore, the requirements
should be taken into account without
any substantial increase in cost for the
end consumer. This is summarized in
the so-called " energy trilemma " optimization scheme: energy security, sustainability, and affordability, which all
need to be considered when designing
the system.
Before discussing the new challenges, let us quickly review some of the
salient characteristics of power systems that will remain in the future. First,
time constants from subseconds (transients of different kinds) to several years
(the expansion planning and management of large hydro reservoirs) must be
addressed. Luckily, many processes can
be decoupled due to different timescales
so that the complexity can be managed.
Second, the physical distances in interconnected systems, like those in Europe, North America, and other places
in the world, create various problems.
Interconnected systems that comprise
march/april 2021

different countries do not always have
the same legislative policies and regulations. Third, there are different players
active in the system, i.e., power producers, system operators, regulators, consumers, and so on, making the system

complex from an organizational point of
view. I will not elaborate more on these
challenges, but they are essential to keep
in mind in the future, too.
In this issue of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine, several new constraints

They know exactly where they're going.
Your crews can too!
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97



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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2021

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2021 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2021 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2021 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2021 - 2
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2021 - 100
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2021 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2021 - Cover4
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