IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2022 - 13

for participants. The approach benefits
smaller parties using new technologies
with less financial wherewithal versus
larger or more established ones
The authors demonstrate the performance
of an NWA auction in the
southern part of the York Region, part
of the Greater Toronto Area of Ontario,
Canada, and test the processes that
a distribution system operator could
use to manage DERs as NWAs, with
a particular focus on reliability considerations
and coordination with
wholesale markets. They show that a
distribution system operator can use
auction mechanisms at the distribution
level to manage NWA projects
and create an open, fair, competitive,
and transparent marketplace, lowering
the costs to participate and other barriers
to entry.
Dennis Michaelson and Jin Jiang
present a summary of the state
of smal l modular reactor plants and
their potential role in isolated renewable
microgrids in " Integration of Small
Modular Reactors Into Renewable Energy-Based
Standalone Microgrids. "
While on a completely different subject
than DER-based NWAs, the role
sma l l modular reactors may soon
play in isolated microgrid systems could
be a game changer for managing renewable
energy generation variability. As
presented by the authors, these nuclear
power plants benefit from standardized
design and offsite construction and
are conveniently sized for inclusion in
isolated microgrid systems, which often
have high levels of renewable generation.
They may find their first use
in remote microgrids with traditionally
high energy costs.
To wrap up the issue's NWA-focused
discussion, Paul Centolella's
" In My View " guest editorial provides
a comprehensive discourse
on some of the policy developments
underway, including initiatives beyond
North America. He also offers
perspectives on where things should
go, looking forward.
We hope you find this issue on NWAs
informative both about the current state
of affairs and real-world problems of
implementation that the industry has to
work through. As frameworks and processes
for NWAs are developed, we can
hope that " all's well that ends well. "
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.5 .6
1000
800
600
500
400
300
200
TX-2
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13.8 - 0.48 kV
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100
80
60
50
40
30
20
BL-1
10
8
6
R
R
4
5
2
3
GE MVT-Plus
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GE MVT-Plus
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.8
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.1
.08
.06
.05
.04
.03
.02
PANEL
PANEL
PANEL
.01
.5 .6
.8
1
2
3
4
5 6 7 8 9 10
2
3
4
5 6 7 8 9 100
2
3
4
5 6 7 8 9 1000
CURRENT IN AMPERES X 100 AT 480 VOLTS
2
3
4
.08
BL-5
Cutler Hammer Series C
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Frame = 225A (150AT)
Trip = 150
BL-3
29249A
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BL-5
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5 6 7 8 9 10000
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.8
.6
BL-5
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2
3
10
8
6
4
5
REFINER
SWG-4
REFINER
SWG-4
MCC-1
MCC-1
MCC-1
MCC-2
PNL-1
PNL-2
1
.8
.6
.4
.5
.5
.4
.3
TX-2
1000 / 1288 kVA
6%
BL-1
GE AKR-50
1600/1760
BL-3
GE AKR-30H
800/400
.8
1
2
3
4
5 6 7 8 9 10
CURRENT IN AMPERES X 100 AT 480 VOLTS
2
3
TX-2
FLA
4
5 6 7 8 9 100
2
3
4
5 6 7 8 9 1000
2
3
4
5 6 7 8 9 10000
1000
800
600
500
400
300
200
100
80
60
50
40
30
20
BUS-3
BUS-7
M-1
MAIN SWG
13.8
13.8
3.8
2.4
3.8
2.4
0.48
0.48
Arc Fault
Bus Name
Arc Fault
Bus kV
Upstream
Trip Device
Name
R-6
R-7
0.48 BL-3
R-18
R-7
R-6
R-7
R-6
0.48 BL-2
0.48 BL-3
0.208 FS-2
0.48 BL-2
0.48 BL-2
0.208
PNL-1
51/50
51/50
51/50
51/50
51/50
Upstream
Trip Device
Function
51/50
51/50
Equip Type
Open Air
Open Air
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VOA
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VCB + HCB
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MCC
MCC
MCC
MCC
Panel
Panel
VCB
VCB
VCB
VCB
VCB
VCB + HBB
Electrode
Gap
(mm)
152
152
32
152
104
32
25
25
25
25
25
Est Arc Flash
Boundary
(inches)
32.1
30.5
189.3
261.9
213.2
53.6
53.1
53.6
53.1
48.2
57.8
+
+
Working
Distance
(inches)
26
26
+ 18
+
+
Incident
Energy
(cal/cm2
1.7
1.5
31.6 + 18 3.8
59.3
18 122.8
18
135.1
+ 18
+ 18
+ 18
+ 18
+
6.9
6.8
6.9
18 7.1
6.8
57.8 + 18 7.7
+ 18
18 7.1
7.7
)
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march/april 2022
ieeepower & energy magazine
13
TIME IN SECONDS
IN SECON
17.58 1.90
18.71
0.15
TIME IN SECONDS
IN SECON
24.13
19.48
4' - 0 "
6.0
0.48
3' - 6 "
1' - 0 "
Arc Flash and Shock Risk Hazard
Appropriate PPE Required
Flash Hazard Boundary
cal/cm2 at 18 inches - Arc Flash Incident Energy
kV Shock Hazard when cover is removed
Limited Approach
Restricted Approach
Equipment Name: SWG-4
VALID FOR NORMAL SYSTEM CONFIGURATION ONLY
quipment Name: SWG-4
(Fed By: 18A)
Arc Flash and Shock Risk Hazard
Appropriate PPE Required
4' - 0 "
6.0
0.48
3' - 6 "
1' - 0 "
Flash Hazard Boundary
cal/cm2 at 18 inches - Arc Flash Incident Energy
Arc-rated shirt and arc rated pants or arc rated coverall
kV Shock Hazard when cover is removed
Limited Approach
Restricted Approach
Equipment Name: MCC-23A (Fed By: 27B)
VALID FOR NORMAL SYSTEM CONFIGURATION ONLY
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2022

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