IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2014 - 57

Capabilities

Technologies

Intelligent Appliances
Intelligent
Agents

ROI

Intelligent
Applications

Emission Control

Smart
Grid

Load Management
Preventive/Self-Healing
Substation Automation

Network
Management
Distributed
Control
Smart
Sensors

Distribution Automation
Customer Information System
AMI

Asset Management
Outage Detection and Restoration

Two-Way
Communication
One-Way
Com.

Customer Portals
Distributed/Co Gen

Demand Response
AMR

Automated Billing
Investments

figure 3. Smart grid technologies and capabilities.

article further emphasized that the protocols, topologies, and
architecture of ami systems had to be designed as forwardlooking sources of sensory, status, and alarm information to
allow future (and still undeveloped) smart grid capabilities
to reach and be integrated with the downstream side of the
utility system. in other words, the specification of the ami
system had to take into account the communication, data
and command exchange, and access requirements of future
smart grid applications.
what the figure attempted to further demonstrate was the
notion that smart grid integration can be broadly divided into
two categories. one operates in local domains using global
system attributes, such as demand response or outage detection, that require access to real-time local data with local
analytics and local decision-making processes. the second
operates over multiple domains, requiring wide-area situational data awareness and an overview of the system constraints as a whole and system operational objectives, such
as management of distributed energy resources, self-healing,
outage prevention, and so on. while the first category is
enabled through a well-designed, forward-looking ami system with appropriate latency, throughput, availability, and
resilience requirements, the second relies on a well-designed
and optimally integrated network of distributed systems
with suitable security, scalability, and access protocol specification that enables efficient distributed command and control through a multilayer, multitier, and multiagent system.
in other words, the figure emphasized the fact that smart
grid integration should be built on forward-looking information and command and control architectures capable of
may/june 2014

meeting the functional and operational requirements of a
gradually evolving smart grid system, with incremental
needs for higher levels of performance, scalability, and
resilience and without the need for costly departures from
its original design and implementation. it goes without saying that once investments are in place, utilities find it almost
impossible to undo commitments to ami, substation automation, and so on to upgrade their assets so as to enable
new smart grid functionalities. and that means the cost and
the pain associated with the transition from the legacy grid
to the smart grid will to a large extent depend on the suitability of the utility's smart grid integration map supporting
that transition.

Building the Smart Grid
the irony is that there is an element of truth in every
approach to building a smarter grid. this diversity of views
can only be attributed to the fact that without a doubt there
is more than one way to integrate a smarter grid. depending on a variety of potentially conflicting and yet interacting
drivers (priorities, regulations, legacy assets, organizational
and process issues, and so on), different utilities may choose
different points of departure for their long journeys toward
the smart grid. and consequently, the trajectory each utility
takes in integrating its system with different smart grid functionalities, even if similar starting points are adopted, may
prove to be quite unique and dissimilar from others.
regardless of where that starting point is, however, it is
crucial for utilities to "spec out" their journeys (as much as
they possibly can, given all the unknowns) in such a way
ieee power & energy magazine

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Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2014

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2014 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2014 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2014 - 1
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2014 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2014 - Cover4
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