operating scenarios that occur from time to time and are not covRASA User SCADA RAS Arming Interfaces Database ered by system operating orders. in such cases, operators select a template (called a "forced match" State Estimator AGC template) that is considered the best match based on quick studTSAPM ies performed by operators and/ Operating TSAPM User Interfaces or operation support staff memOrders bers. in addition, operators can specify extra preventive as well as figure 10. A data flow diagram of the TSAPM application within an EMS/SCADA corrective action plans on top of system. those recommended by the forced match template. figure 10 shows the data flow diagram of applications plant to the amount of security enhancement over the related to TsaPM within an eMs/scada system. in additotal MW shed at the plant). an optimization module within TsaPM is responsi- tion to the power flow base case, TsaPM retrieves many ble for selecting individual units for shedding to meet the other kinds of data from various sources: requirements specified in system operating orders. ✔ equipment tagging statuses (from scada) even though planners have studied a large number of ✔ arming mode of contingencies, i.e., whether manual or system conditions over the years so as to cover most potenautomatic by TsaPM (from rasa) tial real-time operating scenarios, there are still real-time ✔ unit availability for shedding (from rasa) figure 11. The RASA pattern. 84 ieee power & energy magazine may/june 2014