IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2015 - 78
CSMART leverages the unique capabilities of academia,
utilities, and private enterprise to determine the best ways
to deploy and support advanced smart grid technologies.
A primary objective of IIT's intelligent streetlight pilot is the
cybersecurity and resilience impacts of adding intelligent
devices to an existing network of smart city devices such
as the city of Chicago. CSMART has made it a priority to
develop a plan to assess the impacts and reveal any potential vulnerability in an attempt to avoid any disruptions and
address any potential safety risks before they are a problem
to the IIT campus or the greater Chicago area.
radios that carry campus electrical data for monitoring and
control of the microgrid directly to the CSMART lab.
The project team is using OSIsoft's software suite to capture the data for monitoring key metrics derived from the raw
data. These metrics include the percentage of the network
that is functional, based on connectivity data; the network
speed/response time; the percentage of streetlights that are
functional, based on lumens per square meter output compared with luminosity level; and day burners, based on current draw during scheduled "off" periods and similarly off
at night based on current during scheduled on times. These
metrics will be set in OSIsoft's analytics software to automatically update and send e-mail alerts based on threshold
levels of performance/reliability. The status update e-mails
will provide a strong indication of an ongoing infiltration
attempt or similar event. Most importantly, the project team
will continue to develop metrics based on the results of ongoing risk assessments in the LED project.
Business Drivers for Cybersecurity
Risk Management and Assessment
Based on the Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team's (ICS-CERT) recent report on
incidence response activity, the energy sector reported the
highest percentage of cyberattacks (53%). An advanced
group of hackers attacked a U.S. public utility in May
2014, compromising its control system network without
affecting the utility's operations. The top cybersecurity
business drivers impacting energy and utility companies
are the following:
✔ grid reliability
✔ preventing security breaches
✔ control system failures
✔ compliance and audits (such as the North American
Electric Reliability Corporation Critical Infrastructure Protection)
✔ consumer information privacy.
CSMART's comprehensive security plan and risk management and assessment policies are based largely on the
Nistir-7628 Guidelines for Smart Grid Cyber Security and
ranked according to ComEd's list of critical items for a utility's operation of a smart grid. These policies are critical to
the implementation of smart city devices and to the maintenance and operation of a cybersecure smart grid network and
have steered the development of this grid resilience testing
plan. A major requirement of CSMART's policies for this
project is to conduct assessments related to access control,
identification, and incident response. Even the most securely
encrypted network can be infiltrated when the wrong person
is granted a password or if access is not removed promptly
upon termination of a project or employment. These assessments largely cover unauthorized access, use, disclosure,
modification, and destruction of information as it relates to
access to smart streetlights and the smart grid. These assessments are conducted at an organization-defined frequency,
depending on ongoing operations, and the results are analyzed for flaws in procedure or policy and subsequently
addressed. This step should be implicit in the policy, but
following up on exposed issues and making them of great
organizational importance is a key to successful security. In
addition, these policies address the accessibility of other network devices through the addition of the intelligent streetlights and any new vulnerability posed to existing smart city
The project team was then tasked with creating a better
dashboard for monitoring and controlling the lighting system
with a general geographic location to be included for control
and scheduling by new or temporary workers. These features
and individual displays, showing greater detail about each
light, are implemented in the current dashboard, shown in
Figure 14, and changes are vetted in the lab dashboard with
test fixtures, as shown in Figure 15.
Steps Developed to Test Grid Resilience
Monitoring the IIT Pilot System and
Developing Metrics
To do any testing or assessment, CSMART first had to
develop a baseline model of IIT's pilot lighting system and of
the existing Silver Spring Networks mesh network. In addition to the streetlight's 900-MHz radios, which are used for
communication and control, we have a redundant network
for communication with our north substation. This network
is implemented using Silver Spring Networks' 900-MHz
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ieee power & energy magazine
may/june 2015
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