IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 45
A Solution for Hierarchical
and Decentralized
Distribution Automation
Hierarchical and decentralized
automation architecture is the basis
of the entire IDE4L project. The
architecture has been designed
for complete distribution grid management and is based on realtime, scalable, decentralized, and
may/june 2017
TSO/DSO
Coordination
Potential services to be provided by means of flexibility
within the power system are traded in electricity markets. Given that most consumers and prosumers lack the
means and the size to trade directly into wholesale electricity markets, they require the services of a commercial
aggregator. The main role of the commercial aggregator
is to gather flexibility from its consumer/prosumer portfolio and optimize its trading in electricity markets to
maximize profits.
To ensure a transparent and equitable market design for
flexibility aggregation, the relationships among commercial
aggregators and other market parties [i.e., customers, balance
responsible parties/suppliers, and transmission system operators
(TSOs)/DSOs] should be clarified. Commercial aggregators
are entering several European electricity markets, with some
of them acting as third parties, contacting customers directly
for flexibility services, and selling them in an aggregated
manner on the wholesale electricity or the TSO's ancillary
service markets. In this context, responsible parties/suppliers must be compensated for the energy they inject and that
is rerouted by these commercial aggregators acting as third
parties. For the future, the simplest scheme, as proposed
here, is one in which the balance responsible parties/suppliers act as commercial aggregators, keeping the chain of
balance responsibility and delivering simple arrangements
such as one main contact point for the customer.
From the DSO perspective, flexibility should be integrated as part of ANM where new functionalities can help
realize the new roles of DSO: 1) as a flexibility procurer to
feed the DMS and its functions to hinder network congestion and 2) as the party responsible for the technical validation of the distribution network located flexibility products
coming from day-ahead and intraday markets, and technical validation before its activation when requested by third
parties (such as TSOs and balance
responsible parties).
In Figure 2, the interaction among
actors and its functionalities is deTSO
picted; a flexibility market where
TSOs and DSOs can gain access is
Flexibility
proposed to avoid market fragmenProcurement
tation and ensure the effectiveness
of system operation.
Flexibility
Market
Flexibility
Procurement
interoperable (standard-based and modular) field automation
and control center IT systems.
Real-time monitoring must be extended from primary substations only, to secondary substations, down to final customers, where the advanced metering infrastructure is present or
underway in many countries. The control of the distribution
grid, which is active at all voltage levels and equipped with
pervasive monitoring, should be designed coherently: decentralized, to use locally available measurements and estimates,
and coordinated to smoothly control over different time horizons and vertical positions within the distribution network,
and to harmonize commercial and technical decisions.
The IDE4L project has designed an architecture based on
monitoring, control, and business use cases and using the
SGAM formulation. The architecture is technology neutral as far as standards are used, so it can be implemented with
heterogeneous types of measurement devices, controllers, and
computation units. All data exchange and modeling are based
on international standards IEC 61850, DLMS/COSEM, and
CIM to enable interoperability, modularity, the reuse of existing automation components, and the faster integration and configuration of new automation components.
An SAU is the core of the hierarchical/decentralized architecture (see Figure 1 for the architecture and Figure 3 for the
implementation of an SAU) and realizes the local and remote
monitoring and coordination of resources. Its definition in terms
of interfaces, functions, and databases makes it adaptable. An
SAU can be implemented with a subset of features, which are
easy to extract from the general model, and it can be supported
by hardware with very different performance characteristics. It
can be exploited for measurement and control devices that are
already installed in the field, thus reducing the investment for
automation upgrade.
Market Clearing
Flexibility Activation
Requests
Sale Bids Commercial
Aggregators
Flexibility
Activation
Requests
Bilateral
Contracts
Market
Purchase/
Clearing
Sale Bids
Purchase
Sale Bids
Wholesale
Market
Market
Clearing
Flexibility
Activation
Requests
DSOs
Other
Market
Participants
Consumers
Prosumers
Flexibility Validation
Market Clearing
figure 2. The commercial aggregator market setup.
ieee power & energy magazine
45
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 4
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 5
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 6
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 7
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 8
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 9
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 10
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 11
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 12
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 13
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 14
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 15
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 16
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 17
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 18
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 19
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 20
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 21
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 22
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 23
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 24
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 25
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 26
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 27
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 28
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 29
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 30
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 31
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 32
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 33
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 34
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 35
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 36
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 37
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 38
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 39
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 40
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 41
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 42
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 43
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 44
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 45
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 46
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 47
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 48
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 49
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 50
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 51
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 52
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 53
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 54
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 55
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 56
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 57
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 58
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 59
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 60
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 61
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 62
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 63
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 64
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 65
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 66
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 67
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 68
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 69
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 70
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 71
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 72
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 73
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 74
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 75
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 76
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 77
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 78
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 79
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 80
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 81
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 82
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 83
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 84
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 85
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 86
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 87
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 88
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 89
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 90
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 91
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 92
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 93
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 94
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 95
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 96
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 97
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 98
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 99
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 100
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 101
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 102
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 103
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 104
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070820
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050620
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030420
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010220
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111219
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070819
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050619
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030419
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010219
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111218
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070818
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050618
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030418
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010218
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111217
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070817
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050617
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030417
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010217
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111216
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070816
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050616
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030416
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010216
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerenergy_010216
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111215
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070815
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050615
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030415
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010215
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111214
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070814
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050614
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030414
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010214
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com