IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017 - 80

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Active Power (MW)

adoption, even in states with ag-
gressive programs for deploy-
Peak Load Increase and Shift
Base
Caused by EV Adoption
ment. It is widely understood that
PV+EV
"shared applications"-meaning
11
PV+EV+DES
multiple use of the same energy
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storage device-is key to real-
9
izing the greatest economic po-
tential from these technologies.
8
However, regulatory barriers and
7
legacy paradigms are major ob-
6
stacles to their rapid adoption and
5
most effective use. Energy storage
is forced to fit into a particular
4
Load Decrease (and
generation, transmission, distri-
3 Potential for Reverse
bution, or customer "bucket" and
Power Flow)
2
follow rules established for that
Due to PV Adoption
1
asset class. Energy storage is, from
many viewpoints, a new asset class
Time (h)
of its own. Figure 3 shows an ex-
ample of the benefits derived from
figure 3. An example of the benefits of applying the demand control capabilities of
DES for integrating PV-DG and EVs. The results show the distribution circuit demands the application of distributed en-
ergy storage (DES) for integrating
for the base case (no PVs and no EV), a combined PV and EV adoption scenario
PVs and EVs.
(PV+EV), and a combined PV, EV, and DES scenario (PV+EV+DES). The latter shows
In short, successful and seam-
how DES can be used to control circuit demand and mitigate impacts created by
both PV and EV adoption.
less DER integration requires a
comprehensive, holistic approach
that
includes
1)
investment
in foundational and enabling
introduction of voltage and frequency ride-through
and similar capabilities in smart inverters and their infrastructure, e.g., distribution system components (lines,
accompanying standards. However, additional solu- equipment, transformers, and so forth), DA, communications,
tions, including more resilient distribution circuit de- and information systems; 2) a review and update of existing
signs, are needed to ensure continuity of service and operations, planning, and engineering standards and design
practices; and 3) changes to current regulatory, policy, and
DER supply during such events.
Smart PV inverters and new wind turbine con- business approaches.
In this fast-pace environment, standards are increasingly
trols can help solve some of the previously discussed
technical issues but require additional equipment critical for both users and vendors to streamline deployment
upgrades: much improved grid monitoring and con- of existing and new technologies and support interoperability
trol systems, new planning methods and tools, grid among devices and systems as well as best industry practices.
management systems that feature more interaction For example, the IEEE 1547 series of interconnection standards
with DERs, and the implementation of appropriate is critical for reliable and cost-effective DER deployment.
interconnection standards.
✔ Electric transportation holds significant promise for Grid Modernization Requirements
reducing oil dependence and total carbon footprint. The following are areas that require further evolution and
Electrical systems can help improve the livability, modernization to optimally enable future T&D system.
workability, and sustainability of smart cities. Ad-
✔ Integrated, holistic T&D planning and operations.
dressing EVs specifically, studies have shown that the
As the variability of distribution system net load in-
first purchase of an EV is likely to inspire more in
creases, better coordination and information transfer
the same neighborhood, which can lead to "clusters"
is required. The ISO can no longer rely on simple load
and overload of system components. Distribution sys-
forecast bus allocation factors to forecast bus net loads
tem capacity upgrades in combination with solutions
but must be able to forecast, as one example, PV pro-
based on DERs and intelligent load control could ad-
duction. More importantly, the use of DERs to provide
dress these issues.
aggregated energy supply to the T&D system and an-
cillary services to the wholesale markets will be in-
✔ Emerging technologies such as energy storage prom-
creasingly valuable.
ise the ability to mitigate renewable DER variability and
improve T&D utilization and economics, but techni-
✔ Visibility and control of DERs. Achieving this objective
cal, regulatory, and economic barriers still impede
will require more advanced SCADA-level monitoring
80

ieee power & energy magazine

may/june 2017

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2017