IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 33

©istockphoto.com/whyframestudio

been offered by traditional thyristor-based lccs for many years.
traditional lcc Hvdc systems have been configured and
constructed as individual, standalone links that must consider other
nearby Hvdc links in terms of the
potential for both intentional (i.e.,
coordinated control) and unintentional interactions (e.g., during ac
system disturbances) among these
links through a common ac network.
traditionally, very few examples of
Hvdc systems have been created
with regard to the future expansion
into dc grids. vsc technology introduces the realistically achievable
prospect of extending interconnecting individual Hvdc links on the dc
side in the future. this is driving the
need for and development of dc-dc
converters at a high voltage dc rating as well as dc circuit breakers.

vsc technology offers simplicity, modularity, and flexibility in operation, which often makes it more attractive to
prospective new owners because it does not have the restrictions of project-specific customizations, which are an inherent part of more traditional lcc technologies. the vsc system becomes more of a standard physical arrangement, with
customization largely in the interface transformers and the
Hvdc control and protection software.
symmetrical monopole MMc technology has opened up
the market for vsc technology, with many links in operation and under construction around the world. these include
the trans bay cable project in san Francisco, the southwest
link (swl) in sweden, and interconnections between France
and spain, France and italy, France and the United Kingdom,
the United Kingdom and norway, the United Kingdom and
belgium, and many others. european offshore wind development has led to the large-scale construction of many vsc
offshore Hvdc transmission links. several derivatives of this
basic topology may emerge into the mainstream in the next
five years or so. this list will include full-bridge MMcs and
their equivalents such as hybrid or alternate arm converters,
which offer similar fault performance and function as have
may/june 2019

Digitalization Tools
to Improve Asset
Performance and
Management

the issue of asset management
has long been a focus of Hvdc
system owners, with an increasing range of digital and analytical
tools to help. the next generation
of digital analytical tools with real-time visualization allowing
remote monitoring, analytics, diagnosis, trending, and so on

figure 1. A VSC MMC submodule.
ieee power & energy magazine

33



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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 2
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - Cover3
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